Iimpompo ezizisebenzelayo zokufaka amachiza (automatic dosing pumps) ziphosa ngaphaya komlinganiselo kwiitanki ezincinci ze-hydroponics zamagumbi okufundela ezingama-20 ukuya kuma-50 eelitha ngenxa yokulibaziseka kokuhamba kwamanzi (transport delay): ixesha elithathwa sisibulali-asidi esinamandla okanye isondlo ukuba sixubeke ngokupheleleyo etankini lide kakhulu kunexesha elithathwa sisilawuli (controller) ukuthatha isigqibo sokongeza amanye.

Xa i-Arduino, i-ESP32, okanye ibhodi ye-relay yorhwebo ibona i-pH engu-6.8 ngoxa injongo ingu-5.8, ivula impompo ye-peristaltic. Kwitanki encinci enempompo yasemanzini (submersible pump), loo asidi ithatha phakathi kwemizuzwana engama-45 nama-180 ukuba idibane ngokulinganayo kuwo wonke umthamo wamanzi. Ukuba ikhowudi yesivamvo (sensor code) itshekisha isivamvo (probe) rhoqo kwimizuzwana emibini kwaye iqhubeke nokubaleka impompo de ufundisiso lufikelele ku-5.8, impompo iza kugalela i-phosphoric okanye i-nitric acid eyaneleyo ukuba yehlise itanki iye kwi-pH engu-4.0 okanye ngaphantsi xa amanzi egqiba ukuxubeka. Izityalo ziya kutshiseka iingcambu okanye zithinteleke ekufunxeni izondlo (nutrient lockout), kwaye inkqubo iza kungcangcazela kakhulu ngoxa impompo ye-base ezisebenzelayo izama ukulungisa kwelinye icala.

Ingxaki Engundoqo: Ii-Control Loops Ezikhawulezayo Kunokuxubeka Kwamanzi

Kwezolimo lwezorhwebo (industrial horticulture), amadama agcina amawaka eelitha kwaye asebenzisa ii-venturi injectors ezinamandla amakhulu okanye iimpompo zokujikeleza kwamanzi ezikhulu ezihambisa amanzi ngokukhawuleza phambi kwezivamvo zorhwebo. Kwilabhoratri yesikolo okanye kwigumbi lokufundela, amadama aqhelekileyo ngamabhakethi angama-20 eelitha okanye iibhokisi zokugcina ezingama-50 eelitha ezifakelwe iimpompo ezincinci zasemanzini ezingama-5W ukuya kwi-15W.

Amanzi kwezi zikhongozeli awaxubeki ngoko nangoko. Akhupha amanqanaba awohlukeneyo (stratified layers) kunye neendawo ezingahambiyo amanzi (dead zones). Ukuba uphosa isondlo A no-B esinamandla okanye i-pH Down kwikona enye yebhokisi engama-40 eelitha:

• Imeko A (Isivamvo sisondele kwisifaki-chiza): Isivamvo sibethwa lilifu le-asidi ecocekileyo engagxobhwanga, sifunde i-pH 4.5 ngoko nangoko, sicime impompo ngaphambi kwexesha, kwaye sishiye amanzi amaninzi engatshintshanga.
• Imeko B (Isivamvo sikude nesifaki-chiza): I-asidi ihlala kwilifu elikwindawo enye ngoxa isivamvo siqhubeka nokufunda amanzi amaninzi angaxutywanga kwi-pH 7.0. Isilawuli siqhubeka nokugcina impompo ye-peristaltic isebenza ngokuqhubekayo kangangemizuzwana engamashumi amabini. Kwimizuzu emibini kamva, yakuba impompo yasemanzini iyingqonge loo asidi, itanki yonke iwela kubume be-asidi eyingozi kakhulu.

Isilungiso 1: Faka Inkqubo ye-Pulse-Pause Dosing Logic

Esona silungiso sisebenzayo sesoftware kukutshintsha i-proportional logic elula okanye eqhubekayo nge-sikolo se-pulse-pause esingqongqo.

Ungaze ubalekise impompo yokufaka amachiza ngokuqhubekayo de kufikelelwe kumlinganiselo ekujoliswe kuwo. Endaweni yoko, faka umthamo omncinci omiselweyo (micro-volume), ucime impompo, uze unyanzelise ukulibaziseka kokuxuba okusisinyanzelo ngaphambi kokuba ufundisiso lwesivamvo luphinde luthenjwe.

Kwikhowudi, oku kuthetha ukuba i-control loop yakho ivula ixesha lokusebenza lemizuzwana eyi-1 ukuya kweyesi-2 kwimpompo eqhelekileyo ye-12V peristaltic (edla ngokukhupha malunga ne-1 ml ngomzuzwana), ize emva koko itshintshele kwisimo sokulinda apho ukufakwa kwamachiza kutshixelweyo ubuncinane imizuzu emibini ukuya kwemithathu ngelixa impompo yasemanzini ejikelezisa amanzi ixuba isisombululo ngokulinganayo.

Isilungiso 2: Ukwahlula Ngokomzimba kunye nee-Inline Mixing Chambers

Indawo obeka kuyo amaphuma-chiza (dosing outlets) xa kuthelekiswa nezivamvo zakho kuxhomekeke ekubeni ufundisiso lwakho lubonisa ubunyani na.

• Ungaze ubeke imibhobho yokufaka amachiza ecaleni kwezivamvo: Imigca yokufaka amachiza kufuneka ikhuphele ngqo kumsinga ophithizelayo wempompo yakho enkulu ejikelezayo okanye umbhobho wokubuyisa amanzi, ingaze ifakwe kwiikona zetanki ezingahambiyo amanzi okanye ngqo ngaphezu kwendawo yezivamvo (sensor manifold).
• Sebenzisa i-inline probe manifold: Endaweni yokuxhoma izivamvo zeglasi ze-pH ne-electrical conductivity (EC) ezibuthathaka ngqo kwidama elivulekileyo apho abafundi banokuzibetha khona okanye apho kwakheka khona imigangatho engaxubekiyo, zibeke kwi-bypass loop okanye i-tee efakelweyo kwimibhobho yokubuyisa amanzi.
• Yongeza i-mixing baffle: Ukuba itanki yakho yibhokisi encinci, ukugqithisa amanzi afakwe amachiza abuyayo kwisingxobo esincinci esinemibhobho okanye itshaneli ene-baffle ngaphambi kokuba angene kwidama elikhulu kunyanzelisa ukuxubeka ngomatshini kwaye kwaphule amafu anamandla amakhulu e-asidi okanye ezondlo.

Isilungiso 3: Xuba Amanzi Kwizisombululo Zakho Ezingundoqo (Dilute Stock Solutions)

Izisombululo ezixineneyo ze-hydroponics zorhwebo zenzelwe iifama zorhwebo apho umlinganiselo omnye ubalwa ngamakhulu ee-millilitres. Ukusebenzisa i-50% phosphoric acid engaxutywanga namanzi okanye izondlo ezinamandla zorhwebo kwisixokelelwano segumbi lokufundela esingama-25 eelitha kuthetha ukuba umzuzwana omnye owongezelelweyo wokusebenza kwempompo uphosa ngaphaya kwenjongo kakhulu.

Kwiitanki ezincinci zezikolo, xuba amanzi kwiibhotile zakho zezisombululo ezingundoqo:

• Izilungisi-pH (pH Adjusters): Xuba i-pH Down esulungekileyo eqhelekileyo (phosphoric okanye nitric acid) namanzi adilweyo (distilled) okanye amanzi e-reverse-osmosis ukwenza isisombululo sokusebenza se-5% okanye i-10%. Umlinganiselo we-2 ml wesisombululo se-5% ulungisa itanki engama-30 eelitha ngobunono endaweni yokubangela ukuhla okukhulu okungenakulungiswa.
• Izisombululo Zezondlo (EC): Ukuba usebenzisa ukutya okuneenxalenye ezimbini (A & B), kuxube nge-1:5 okanye 1:10 namanzi acocekileyo ngaphambi kokuba ukudibanise nemibhobho yokufaka amachiza ye-peristaltic, uze ulungelelanise amanyathelo olinganiso lwempompo yakho ngokufanelekileyo.

Ubunyani Begumbi Lokufundela: Ucimi-Cingo (Load-Shedding) Neeholide

Kwizikolo zaseMzantsi Afrika, ukufakwa kwamachiza ngokuzenzekelayo kujongana nemiqobo emibini yokwenene yokusingqongileyo: ukuphazamiseka kombane kunye neeholide ezinde zezikolo ezingajongwanga mntu.

Xa ucimi-cingo (load-shedding) lucima umbane kwisixokelelwano, iimpompo zasemanzini ezijikelezisa amanzi ziyayeka kwangoko. Ukuba i-micro-controller iqalisa ngokutsha (reboots) xa umbane ubuya ize kwangoko ithathe ufundisiso lwe-EC okanye i-pH ngaphambi kokuba impompo yokujikeleza isebenze ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo ukucoca amanzi amileyo ajikeleze isivamvo, iza kufaka amachiza ngokusekelwe kufundisiso oludala nolwendawo enye kuphela. Soloko udwelisa inkqubo yokulibazisa ukuqala (startup delay): nyanzelisa ukuba impompo enkulu yokujikeleza isebenze ubuncinane imizuzu emihlanu emva kokuba umbane ubuyile ngaphambi kokuvumela nawuphi na umjikelo wokufaka amachiza ngokuzenzekelayo ukuba usebenze.

Ukuba uyila iinkqubo ezizisebenzelayo zokuvelisa ukutya okanye izikhululo zokufundisa inzululwazi yezolimo, izikhokelo zethu ezilungelelaniswe nekharityhulam ku-Sheen Robotics Farming zibonelela ngoyilo olupheleleyo lwereferensi, kubandakanywa iziqwenga zekhowudi (snippets) ze-firmware ye-pulse-pause evavanyiweyo kunye nolungelelwaniso lokhuseleko (failsafe) lwezakhiwo ezincinci. Unako nokuphonononga i-hardware yethu yokudibanisa izivamvo ezinokutshintshwa ku-Sheen Robotics Hydroponics.

Ngokudibanisa izisombululo ezingundoqo ezixutywe namanzi kunye namaxesha e-pulse-pause ahlonipha imithetho yenzululwazi yokuhamba kolwelo (fluid mechanics), kwanedama elincinci ledesika elingama-20 eelitha linokugcina amaxabiso azinzileyo e-pH ne-EC ngeempela-veki ngaphandle kokubeka isityalo emngciphekweni wokutshiswa ngamachiza.