Into eyifuna ngokwenene kwisikolo sakho iKharityhulam yoMzantsi Afrika yoKukhowuda neeRobhothi
Awuzidingi izikhwama zeerobhothi zeR10,000 okanye umlinganiselo we-1:1 weelaptop ukuze uphumelele uphicotho lwe-CAPS. Ikharityhulam eyilwayo inokufundiswa kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezingafuni intanethi, ezineziseko ezivulekileyo, kunye nee-microcontroller ezifikelelekayo ngexabiso, nkqu nakumagumbi okufundela ajongene nokucinywa kombane noqhagamshelwano olulinganiselweyo.
Ikharityhulam eyilwayo ye-CAPS yoKukhowuda neeRobhothi inokufundeka ngathi luluhlu lwezinto ezinqwenelwayo olubhalwe yinkampani yetekhnoloji yaseSilicon Valley. Ephepheni, ifuna ukuba izikolo zazise abafundi kwii-algorithm, kwiitekhnoloji ze-intanethi, kubummi bedijithali, nakwiinkqubo zoomatshini. Kumphathi wesikolo okanye kwibhunga elilawulayo, oku kuvakala ngathi lityala elifuna ukuhlawulwa ngoku lamakhulu amawaka eeRandi eelaptop zezona ziphezulu, izikhwama zeerobhothi ezinabanini abathile, kunye nokuphuculwa kwe-fibre.
Kodwa uxwebhu lomgaqo-nkqubo nenyaniso yegumbi lokufundela zizinto ezimbini ezahluke kakhulu. Xa ususa amagama abukhazikhazi, iimfuno zokwenene zokufundisa zekharityhulam ziyaguqugquka lula kakhulu. Akufuneki uthenge ngokugqithisileyo. Enyanisweni, izikolo ezichitha imali eninzi kwizinto zokudlala zemfundo ezinabanini abathile zidla ngokufumana owona mvuzo mncinci kutyalo-mali kuba isixhobo sinzima kakhulu kootitshala ukuba basifake kwiperiyodi eqhelekileyo yemizuzu engama-45.
Ukwahlulwa ngokwesigaba ngesigaba
Ikharityhulam yakhiwe kwizigaba ezithathu ezahlukeneyo, kwaye iimfuno zezixhobo azibi nzima de kufikwe kwiBanga lesi-4. Nantsi into efunwayo ngokwenene ukuze kufezekiswe iziphumo zokufunda:
| Isigaba | Iindawo eziphambili ekugxilwa kuzo | Izixhobo ezibambekayo ezifunekayo | Ixabiso eliqikelelweyo ngeqela labafundi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isiseko (R-3) | Ukukhowuda ngaphandle kombane, ukubona iipatheni, ulwazi olusisiseko lwedijithali. | Akukho nto. Iigridi zephepha, iimeti zomgangatho, neekhadi ezibambekayo. | R0 - R200 (izixhobo zokuzenzela) |
| Ephakathi (4-6) | Ukuprograma okubonakalayo (Scratch), ii-microcontroller ezisisiseko, izixhobo zokungenisa nezokukhupha. | Iikhompyutha ezincinci ezifikelelekayo ngexabiso (njenge-BBC micro:bit) nesoftware yasimahla esebenza ngaphandle kwe-intanethi. | R500 - R800 ngababini ngabanye |
| Ephakamileyo (7-9) | Ukukhowuda ngombhalo (Python/HTML), i-elektroniki esisiseko, ii-algorithm, kunye neenkqubo. | Ii-microcontroller ezinezikhwama zezinzwa ezisisiseko (ii-resistor, ii-LED, iibhredibhodi). | R800 - R1,200 ngababini ngabanye |
KwiSigaba seSiseko (amaBanga R ukuya ku-3), ikharityhulam iphantse ibe "ngaphandle kombane" ngokupheleleyo. Ugxininiso lukwingcinga yekhompyutha—ukufundisa abantwana indlela yokwahlula ingxaki ibe ngamanyathelo alandelelanayo. Unako ukukufundisa oku ngokugqibeleleyo usebenzisa igridi ezotywe emgangathweni wegumbi lokufundela, apho umfundi omnye enza njenge"robhothi" omnye abhale "ikhowudi" esebenzisa iintolo zephepha. Ukuthenga iirobhothi zomgangatho ezidulu, ezitshajwayo zamaBanga 1 luxhamlo, ayisiyomfuno yekharityhulam.
KwiSigaba esiPhakathi (amaBanga 4 ukuya ku-6), abafundi batshintshela kukuprograma ngeebhloko kwisikrini. Isixhobo esiqhelekileyo apha yiScratch, esimahla ngokupheleleyo kwaye esinomhleli osebenza ngaphandle kwe-intanethi. Kwicandelo leerobhothi, ikharityhulam yazisa ii-microcontroller. I-BBC micro:bit elula ixabisa malunga ne-R500 ukuya kwi-R600. Inezinzwa zokukhanya ezakhelwe ngaphakathi, izinzwa zobushushu, kunye ne-matriki ye-LED. Ayifuni sakhelo sinzima okanye amavili ukuze ifundise iingcamango eziphambili zokungenisa, iinkqubo, nokukhupha.
KwiSigaba esiPhakamileyo (amaBanga 7 ukuya ku-9), kuqala utshintshelo kukuprograma ngombhalo (ngokuqhelekileyo yiPython) nakwi-elektroniki esisiseko. Apha, abafundi kufuneka baqonde indlela ezisebenzisana ngayo izinto ezinjengee-resistor, ii-diode ezikhupha ukukhanya (ii-LED), nezinzwa ze-ultrasonic. Kwakhona, oku kunokufezekiswa kusetyenziswa izikhwama ze-elektroniki ezisisiseko endaweni yezakhelo zeerobhothi ezidibaniswe ngaphambili, ezinabanini abathile, ezixabisa amawaka eeRandi.
Umgibe wokuthenga ngokugqithisileyo
Eyona mpazamo inkulu yenziwa zizikolo zoMzantsi Afrika kukuthenga izikhwama zeerobhothi zenkqubo evalekileyo. Ezi zikhwama, ezidla ngokuxabisa phakathi kweR8,000 neR15,000 ngebhokisi, ziyilelwe amaqela okhuphiswano angaphandle kwekharityhulam, kungabi ngamagumbi okufundela anabafundi abangama-40.
"Xa isikolo sithenga izixhobo ezinabanini abathile, asithengi nje iplastiki; sithenga singene kwinkqubo yamalayisenisi edla ngokufuna i-intanethi enesantya esiphezulu, iinxalenye zokutshintsha ezidulu, nesoftware enabanini abathile engayi kusebenza kwiilaptop ezindala zesikolo."
Ukuba esinye isinzwa esinabanini abathile siyaphuka, ukusitshintsha kunokuxabisa amakhulu eeRandi kwaye kuthathe iiveki ukuthunyelwa. Ukuba endaweni yoko usebenzisa izixhobo ezineziseko ezivulekileyo, isinzwa sokutshintsha sixabisa ngaphantsi kwekomityi yekofu kwaye sinokufunyanwa apha ekhaya. Ngaphezu koko, amaqonga aneziseko ezivulekileyo aqinisekisa ukuba izakhono abazifumanayo abafundi zinokudluliselwa kubunjineli behlabathi lokwenyani, endaweni yokuba zilinganiselwe kujongano lophawu olunye lwezinto zokudlala.
Inyaniso yabafundi abangama-40 nelaptop enye
Ukwenza njani oku xa unaklasi enkulu netroli enye yeelaptop? Impendulo isekutshintshaniseni nasekuprogrameni ngababini.
Awufuni mlinganiselo we-1:1 wezixhobo kubafundi. Kushishino lwesoftware, "ukuprograma ngababini" (abaphuhlisi ababini besebenzisa isikrini esinye) yindlela eqhelekileyo yokusebenza ephucula umgangatho wekhowudi kunye nentsebenziswano. Kwiklasi enabafundi abangama-40, izixhobo ezingama-20 ngumda osebenzayo utitshala omnye anokuwulawula. Ukuba unezixhobo ezimbalwa, kufuneka wakhe izifundo zakho ngokweziko zokutshintshiselana: iQela A lisebenza kumaqhinga e-algorithm angafuni mbane, iQela B lisebenza kwiilaptop libhala ikhowudi, kwaye iQela C lisebenza kudibaniso lweesekethe ezibambekayo.
E-Sheen Robotics, siyila iinkonzo zethu zokumiliselwa esikolweni ukunceda izikolo zidibanise iziseko zazo ezikhoyo neemfuno ze-CAPS, siqinisekisa ukuba akukho sikolo sithenga izixhobo esingenakukwazi ukuzisebenzisa ngokwenene kwisimo esiqhelekileyo segumbi lokufundela.
Isihluzi seziseko: ukucinywa kombane ne-WiFi
Naliphi na isicwangciso sekharityhulam esixhomekeke kuqhagamshelo lwe-intanethi olungapheliyo, olunesantya esiphezulu luya kusilela kwisikolo esiqhelekileyo soMzantsi Afrika. Iinethiwekhi ze-WiFi zesikolo, ingakumbi ezo zisebenzisa iiprothokholi zokhuseleko ze-WPA2-Enterprise, zidla ngokuvala iiport ezifunwa zii-microcontroller zemfundo ukuze zifake ikhowudi evela kubahleli abasebenza kwiwebhu.
Ukwakha inkqubo yokukhowuda eqinileyo, izixhobo zakho kufuneka zihlangabezane nemigaqo emithathu:
- Ukukwazi ukusebenza ngaphandle kwe-intanethi: Isoftware efana neScratch Desktop kunye nee-IDE zePython ezingafuni intanethi (njengeThonny) kufuneka ifakwe kwimatshini ngokwayo.
- Ukusebenzisa umbane omncinci: Ii-microcontroller ezifana ne-micro:bit zinokunikwa amandla ngqo ngeport ye-USB yelaptop okanye ngephakethe lebhetri le-AA elilula. Azifuni mbane wodonga ukuze zisebenze.
- Iilaptop ezixhaswe ngebhetri: Ukuba ilebhu yakho yeekhompyutha ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwiikhompyutha zetafile, ibhloko enye yokucinywa kombane iya kulisusa lonke ixesha lakho lokufundisa. Iitroli zeelaptop ezinokutshaja ngeeyure zesikolo zize zisebenze ngebhetri xa kucinywe umbane kukuphela kwendlela ethembekileyo.
Ikharityhulam ye-CAPS yokukhowuda neerobhothi inokufezekiswa lula ukuba uyakuzibela ukubhengeza kwentengiso. Qala ngengcinga yekhompyutha engafuni mbane, unyuke uye kwisoftware yasimahla esebenza ngaphandle kwe-intanethi, uze usebenzise izixhobo ezifikelelekayo ngexabiso, ezineziseko ezivulekileyo xa utshintshela kukusebenzisa ikhompyutha ebambekayo. Uhlahlo-lwabiwo-mali lwakho, nootitshala bakho, baya kukubulela.
