Ewe, unokuyifundisa irobhothiki unelebhu yeekhompyutha kuphela. Enyanisweni, ukuba ujongene neeklasi ezinkulu, iibhajethi ezixineneyo, okanye iiyure zokufundisa ezimbalwa, ukuqala ngokulinganisela akulokuncama nje—rhoqo lolona khetho lulungileyo ngokwendlela yokufundisa. Ukunika ihardware ephathekayo kwiklasi yabafundi abangamashumi amane beBanga le-8 ngosuku lokuqala kudla ngokuphelela kwimizuzu engamashumi amane yokukhulula iintambo ezibhijelene, ukukhangela iibhetri ze-AA ezilahlekileyo, nokusombulula ukusilela kokudibanisa i-Bluetooth, kushiyeke imizuzu engenanto ngqo yokucinga ngokwekhompyutha.

Kodwa, ukulinganisela asiyondawo igqibeleleyo yokuthatha indawo yobunjineli obuphathekayo. Ukuze ufundise ngempumelelo ngaphandle kwehardware, kufuneka uyazi kanye imida yoko isilinganiseli sinako nesingenako ukukwenza.

Okudlulisekayo: uloyiso lokulinganisela

Isilinganiseli esisemgangathweni ophezulu sisixhobo esibalaseleyo sokufundisa isiqingatha sengqondo serobhothiki. Izakhono eziphuhliswa apha zidluliselwa ngqo kwiinkqubo eziphathekayo ngaphandle kokulahleka kwenyaniso:

• Ilojiki yolawulo: Umongo werobhothiki kukwenza izigqibo. Ukubhala izangqa ezingaphakathi kwezinye, iintetho ezinemiqathango (if-then-else), kunye neematshini zeemeko kusebenza ngendlela efanayo kwindawo yenyani-mbumbulu njengoko kusenza kwimayikhrokhontrola ephathekayo.
• Ithiyori yeesenza: Izilinganiseli zifundisa abafundi indlela yokucinga ngemida yeesenza. Ukubhalela irobhothi yenyani-mbumbulu ikhowudi yokuba ime xa isenza ye-ultrasonic ifunda ngaphantsi kweesentimitha ezingama-20 kufundisa kanye loo lojiki yezibalo ifunekayo ukuthintela irobhothi ephathekayo ukuba ingangqubeki eludongeni lweklasi.
• Ukuphinda-phinda ngokukhawuleza: Kwisilinganiseli, ukuhlanganisa nokusebenzisa ikhowudi kuthatha imizuzwana emibini. Ukuba umfundi wenza impazamo, uyasibuyisela emva isilinganiselo aze azame kwakhona kwangoko. Esi sangqa sempendulo esikhawulezayo sikhuthaza ukuzama nokulungisa iimpazamo, ngelixa ihardware ephathekayo idla ngokungenisa ukulibaziseka kwemizuzu emihlanu phakathi kokubhala ikhowudi nokubona isiphumo ngenxa yesantya esicothayo sokulayisha.

Okusilelayo ukuwela "umsantsa wenyaniso"

"Umsantsa wenyaniso" ligama elisetyenziswa ziingcali zerobhothiki ukuchaza umahluko phakathi kwendawo elinganiselwayo nehlabathi eliphathekayo. Ukuba abafundi bakho baprograma kwisilinganiseli kuphela, baya kuphoswa zizifundo ezininzi ezinzima, ezibalulekileyo malunga nobunjineli obuphathekayo:

• Ukukhuhlana nokunyamezelana kwemishini: Kwisilinganiseli, ukuba ubeka zombini iimoto kumandla angama-50%, irobhothi ihamba ngomgca othe tye ngokugqibeleleyo. Kwihlabathi lokwenene, akukho moto zimbini ze-DC zifanayo ncam. Enye iya kusoloko ikhawuleza kancinci, iithayara ziya kuba namandla okubambelela ahlukeneyo, ubunzima be-chassis buya kwahlulwa ngokungalinganiyo, kwaye irobhothi iya kutyekela kwelinye icala.
• Ingxolo yendawo esingqongileyo: Izilinganiseli zisebenza kwiimeko ezicocekileyo. Ngokwenene, ilanga elingena ngefestile yeklasi liya kuzigcwalisa iisenza ze-infrared ezilandela umgca, zibe ziimfama. Umgangatho onothuli uya kubangela ukuba amavili aqhubayo atyibilike, kuphazamiseke ukubala kwe-encoder.
• Iinyani zombane nezeentambo: Isilinganiseli asize sibe nengxaki yentambo ye-jumper ekhululekileyo, indawo yokudibanisa yesolder eyomileyo, okanye ukwehla kombane webhetri okubangela ukuba imayikhrokhontrola iziqalise ngalo lonke ixesha iimoto zitsala umbane omninzi.

Inyaniso yeklasi yaseMzantsi Afrika

Kwizikolo zaseMzantsi Afrika, isigqibo sokusebenzisa ukulinganisela sidla ngokuqhutywa ziziseko ezingundoqo kunendlela yokufundisa. Izilinganiseli zisombulula imingeni emithathu esoloko ikho kweyethu iklasi:

• Umqobo weendleko: Ikhithi yerobhothiki ephathekayo esemgangathweni ixabisa phakathi kwe-R1,500 ne-R4,000. Ukuxhobisa ilebhu yeekhompyutha kwiklasi yabafundi abangama-40 kufuna inkunzi engangama-R30,000 ubuncinane (ngokuqikelela umlinganiselo we-1:4 wabafundi kwisixhobo esinye). Izilinganiseli, ezininzi zazo ezisimahla nezisebenza kwiibrawuza zewebhu eziqhelekileyo, zithoba le nkcitho yenkunzi yokuqala ide ibe ngu-zero.
• Ukucinywa kombane nokugcinwa kweebhetri: Iirobhothi eziphathekayo zixhomekeke kwiibhetri ezitshajwayo (i-Li-ion, i-LiPo, okanye i-NiMH). Ukugcina amashumi eebhetri zitshajiwe ngexesha lokucinywa kombane okujikelezayo bubunzima obukhulu kulawulo. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba iirobhothi zishiywa egumbini lokugcina izinto kwiiholide zasebusika zeeveki ezintathu zingatshajwanga, iibhetri zinokonakala ngokupheleleyo, kufuneke ukuba zithathelwe indawo ngeendleko ezinkulu. Ilebhu yeekhompyutha esebenza ngejenereytha yesikolo okanye itroli yeelaptop ene-UPS esisiseko iyawuphepha lo mjikelo wokulungisa ngokupheleleyo.
• I-Wi-Fi ye-WPA2-Enterprise: Uninzi lweenethiwekhi zezikolo lusebenzisa iiprothokholi zokhuseleko zomgangatho weshishini ezifuna igama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi ukuze uqhagamshele. Iimayikhrokhontrola zemfundo eziqhelekileyo (njenge-ESP32 okanye i-Raspberry Pi Pico W) azikuxhasi lula ukusebenzisa i-WPA2-Enterprise ngoko nangoko xa uzikhupha ebhokisini, into eyenza ukulayisha ikhowudi ngaphandle kweentambo kube bubunzima obukhulu bobuchwepheshe kubalawuli be-IT bezikolo. Izilinganiseli ezisebenzela kwibrawuza ziyakuphepha oku ngokupheleleyo ngokusebenza ngokwasekhaya kumatshini womsebenzisi.

Indlela yokucwangcisa ikota: umzila odibeneyo

Eyona ndlela isebenzayo yokufundisa irobhothiki ayikokukhetha phakathi kokulinganisela nehardware, koko kukuzilandelelanisa. Unokuqhuba ikota epheleleyo apho i-80% yomsebenzi yenzeka kwilebhu yeekhompyutha, iphelele kumngeni omfutshane ophathekayo onefuthe elikhulu.

Nasi isakhelo esingqiniweyo sekota yeeveki ezili-10:

Ngokusebenzisa olu landelelwano, kufuneka uthenge inxalenye encinci yehardware kuphela (mhlawumbi iikhithi ezi-5 endaweni yezingama-20), kuba abafundi banokwabelana ngeerobhothi eziphathekayo kwiiveki zokugqibela. Ngenxa yokuba ikhowudi yabo sele ilungisiwe ngokwelojiki kwisilinganiseli, ixesha labo nehardware ephathekayo lichithwa besombulula iingxaki zobunjineli zokwenene—njengokulinganisa iisenza nokutyibilika kwamavili—endaweni yeempazamo zesintaksi.

Ukwenza olu tshintsho lube ngathi alukho, siphuhlise i-Canvas, umhleli wethu wokuprograma osebenzela kwibrawuza, kunye ne-SheenVerse, indawo yethu yokulinganisela yenyani-mbumbulu. Ezi zixhobo zivumela abafundi ukuba babhale ikhowudi esebenza kwangoko kwisilinganiselo se-3D sebrawuza ize emva koko ilayishwe kwihardware ephathekayo ngocofo olunye, kuqinisekiswe ukuba utshintsho olusuka kwiskrini lusiya kwisilikoni lube lula kangangoko.