Zeziphi Imifuno Abafundi Abanokuzityala Baze Bazivune KwIkota Enye Yesikolo?
Ukuze uhambelane nekota yesikolo yeeveki ezili-10 kwaye uphephe ukuvalwa kwezikolo ngeeholide, khetha izityalo ezivuthwa ngeentsuku ezingaphantsi kwama-50: imifuno emincinci (microgreens), iiradishi, iletisi enamagqabi axekileyo, nespinatshi esincinci.
Abafundi banako ukuvuna ngokuthembekileyo imifuno emincinci (microgreens) (iintsuku ezi-7–14), iiradishi (iintsuku ezingama-21–28), imifuno emincinci yase-Eshiya efana ne-bok choy (iintsuku ezingama-30–35), kunye neletisi enamagqabi athe saa okanye i-butterhead (iintsuku ezingama-35–45) kwikota enye yesikolo yaseMzantsi Afrika. Izityalo ezithatha ixesha elide ezisisiseko ezifana neetamati, iipelepele eziswiti, kunye neekroti eziqhelekileyo zifuna iintsuku ezingama-75 ukuya kwi-120 ukususela kwimbewu, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ziya kuvuthwa nakanjani na ngexesha leeholide zesikolo xa amasango etshixiwe, ukunkcenceshela kumile, kwaye abafundi besemakhaya.
Izibalo Zekota Yesikolo Yeeveki Ezili-10
Ikota eqhelekileyo yezikolo zikarhulumente eMzantsi Afrika ithatha iiveki zekhalenda eziphakathi kwezili-10 nezili-11. Ephepheni, oko kubonakala ngathi ziintsuku ezingama-70 ukuya kuma-75 zokukhulisa izityalo. Eklasini, oku kusondele kakhulu kwiintsuku ezingama-45.
Iveki yoku-1 ilahleka ngenxa yokulungiswa kweethayimthebhile, ukuhanjiswa kwezinto zokubhala, nokuzinza kolawulo. Ukuhlwayelwa kwembewu ngokwenene akufane kwenzeke phambi kweVeki yesi-2. Kwelinye icala lekhalenda, iiVeki ze-9 neye-10 zithathwa ziimvavanyo, iithayimthebhile zeemviwo, ukumakishwa kweemviwo, kunye nokucocwa kokugqibela. Xa intsimbi yokugqibela ikhala ngoLwesihlanu wokugqibela wekota, isango lesikolo liyatshixwa iiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezine. Ngaloo maxesha okuvalwa, izityalo ezingakhathalelwanga zijongana nokuncipha koxinzelelo lwamanzi kamasipala, ukucinywa kombane (load-shedding) kwiimpompo ezizisebenzelayo, okanye ukungankcenceshelwa kwaphela ngenxa yokungabikho kwabasebenzi besikolo phantsi kobushushu basehlotyeni okanye iqabaka yasebusika.
Umthetho wezibalo kwezolimo zaseklasini ucacile: nasiphi na isityalo esingakwaziyo ukusuka kwimbewu eyomileyo siye epleyitini etyiwayo ngeentsuku ezingama-50 okanye ngaphantsi asiyi kuyiphumeza injongo yemfundo. Abafundi abasityalileyo abasoze basitye.
Kutheni iiTamati, iiPelepele, kunye neeKroti Zingaphumeleli eKlasini
Xa iiprojekthi zezitiya zesikolo ezenziwe ngenjongo entle zisilela, unobangela phantse ngamaxesha onke linethemba elingaphaya komlinganiselo elibhalwe kwipakethi yembewu. Iikhathalogu zembewu zidla ngokuthengisa iitamati, iipelepele eziswiti, iikhaphetshu, kunye neekroti ezikolweni ngenxa yokuba zikukutya okwaziwayo ezindlini. Akukho nanye kuzo elingana nemodeli yekota yesikolo.
- IiTamati neePelepele: Iitamati ezikhula zingenamda (indeterminate) zidinga iintsuku ezingama-75 ukuya kuma-90 ukusuka ekutshintshweni kwazo zityalwe emhlabeni ukuze zivelise isiqhamo sazo sokuqala esivuthiweyo, kwaye izithole zithatha iiveki ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6 kwitreyi yezithole phambi kokuba zityalwe phandle. Xa zihlwanyelwe ngembewu ngoFebruwari, isityalo setamati siya kuvelisa isiqhamo saso sokuqala esiluhlaza ngexesha kanye abafundi abamka ngalo besiya kwiiyholide zika-Apreli. Xa bebuya, eso siqhamo siya kuba sesibolile, siwile, okanye sitshatyalaliswe ngamanundu abomvu (red spider mites) nokungakhathalelwa.
- IiKroti: Nangona ezinye iindidi zeekroti ezincinci zibhengeza ukuvuthwa ngeentsuku ezingama-65, ukuntshula kukodwa kuthatha iintsuku ezili-14 ukuya kwezingama-21 kumhlaba ongekho mgangathweni, kwaye zifuna ukufuma okuthambileyo kwangaphezulu mihla le apho iishedyuli zaseklasini zingafane zikwazi ukukugcina. Ngeeveki ze-10, abafundi batsala iingcambu eziorenji ezibhityileyo ezilingana nezinti zematshisi.
- Amathanga nee-Squash: Ezi zidinga iintsuku ezingama-90 ukuya kwi-120 ezingenayo iqabaka kunye nendawo enkulu yomhlaba. Xa zihlwanyelwe kwiKota yoku-1, ziyalahlwa ngo-Apreli; xa zihlwanyelwe kwiKota yesi-3, zifikelela ekuvalweni kwezikolo ngoDisemba phambi kokuba zome zivuthwe.
Uluhlu Lwezityalo Ezingaphantsi Kweentsuku Ezingama-50: Izityalo Eziphumelela Ngokwenene
Ukuze unikeze impumelelo ngokwasengqondweni yokulima ukutya—apho abafundi banxulumanisa ukuhlwayela, ukunyamekela, umlinganiselo, kunye nokutya oko bakulimileyo—kufuneka ukhethe izityalo ezinemijikelo emifutshane yohlaza. Ufuna izityalo ezivunelwa amagqabi, izikhondo, okanye iingcambu ezidumbileyo, hayi iziqhamo zazo zebhotani (botanical fruits), ngenxa yokuba isityalo kufuneka sakhe isakhiwo esipheleleyo sohlaza phambi kokuba sicinge nangokuvelisa iintyantyambo neziqhamo.
| Isityalo | Iintsuku Zokusuka Kwimbewu Ukuya Ekuvuneni | Ukuthembeka eKlasini | Ixabiso Lemfundo |
|---|---|---|---|
| Imifuno emincinci (Microgreens - iRadishi, iBrokholi, izithole zee-Eleyisi) | Iintsuku ezi-7–14 | Phantse kwi-100% (ngaphakathi ezifestileni) | Amazinga okuntshula, ukwanda kobunzima bezityalo (biomass), iimvavanyo zemijikelo emininzi |
| IRadishi yeSaladi (Cherry Belle, French Breakfast) | Iintsuku ezingama-21–28 | Phezulu kakhulu | Uphuhliso lweengcambu, iimvavanyo zokunciphisa izithole, ukusabela ngokukhawuleza kwizondlo |
| IBaby Bok Choy / i-Tatsoi | Iintsuku ezingama-30–38 | Phezulu | Umlinganiselo wobukhulu bomphezulu wephotosynthesis, iimvavanyo zokupheka |
| ILetisi Enamagqabi Athe Saa (Grand Rapids, Oakleaf) | Iintsuku ezingama-35–45 | Phezulu (ukusika uphinde uvune) | Ukulandelela ukubila kwezityalo (transpiration), uqoqosho lokuvuna ngamaxesha awohlukeneyo |
| ISpinatshi Esincinci / i-Swiss Chard (ukuvunwa kwamagqabi) | Iintsuku ezingama-40–48 | Phezulu | Ibango lenitrogen emhlabeni, ukusika okuvuselela ukukhula |
Iiradishi zizona zikumgangatho ophezulu kwiSayensi yezeNdalo (Natural Sciences) zikaBanga lesi-4 ukuya kwelesi-7. Uhlobo olufana ne-Cherry Belle luntshula kwiiyure ezingama-72 phantsi kweemeko ezifudumeleyo. Ngeeveki yesi-4 yekota, abafundi babe sele belinganisa amagqabi okwenene; ngeeveki yesi-5 okanye yesi-6, bahlamba kwaye batye iingcambu eziqhaqhazelayo nezintsha. Ukuba ukuhlwayela akuphumelelanga ngenxa yokunkcenceshela kakubi ngempelaveki, usenalo ixesha lokuhlwayela kwakhona uze ugqibe phambi kokuba ikota iphele.
Imifuno enamagqabi ibonelela ngolunye uncedo: indlela "yokusika uphinde uvune" (cut-and-come-again). Kunokuba kulindwe ukuba kwenzeke intloko njengoko kwenza iletisi yohlobo lwe-iceberg ethengiswayo kwisithuba seentsuku ezingama-70, iiletisi ezinamagqabi athe saa zivumela abafundi ukuba bavune amagqabi angaphandle ukususela kuMhla wama-35 ukuya phambili ngelixa isityalo siqhubeka nokukhula. Abafundi banakho ukugoduka nengxowa yemifuno ngeVeki yesi-7, enye ngeVeki yesi-8, baze bavune yonke imifuno eseleyo ngeVeki ye-9 phambi kokuba iiholide ziqale.
Umhlaba Xa Uthelekiswa ne-Hydroponics Elawulwayo
Kwiibala zezikolo zaseMzantsi Afrika, iibhedi zomhlaba ezingaphandle zineengozi ezifihlakeleyo nezimandla: umgangatho ongalinganiyo womhlaba ongaphezulu, ukoma ngempelaveki ngenxa yomphunga ophezulu, kunye nezinambuzane ezigubungela izityalo phakathi koLwesihlanu emva kwemini noMvulo kusasa. Ubushushu obukhulu beentsuku ezintathu ngoFebruwari ngaphandle kokunkcenceshela bunokukhubaza ibhedi yespinatshi unomphelo, busolule umjikelo weentsuku ezingama-45 uye kwiintsuku ezingama-65.
Iindawo zokukhulisa ezilawulwayo ziwunciphisa kakhulu lo mzobo wexesha. Kwiinkqubo ezingabizi kakhulu ezingaphakathi okanye eziphantsi kophahla, ukufumaneka kwezondlo rhoqo kunye neendawo zeengcambu ezikhuselweyo zithoba iipesenti ezingama-20 ukuya kuma-30 kwiintsuku zokuvuthwa ezibhalwe kwipakethi yembewu. Iletisi enamagqabi athe saa ethatha iintsuku ezingama-45 kumhlaba onesanti waseNtshona Koloni okanye kudongwe lwase-Highveld ihlala ifikelela kubunzima obunokuvunwa ngeentsuku ezingama-32 ukuya kuma-35 kwindawo egcina izondlo ejikelezayo okanye engasebenzi ngombane. Kwizikolo ezilaula iimodyuli zethekhnoloji yokutya okanye ze-STEM, ukusebenzisa hydroponic growing systems ezixinanisiweyo kuqinisekisa ukuba izityalo zifikelela kwiinjongo zazo ngaphakathi kwemida engqongqo yekhalenda yesikolo, kungakhathaliseki imiqathango yamanzi kamasipala okanye iimeko zemozulu ezimaxongo.
Isicwangciso Esithembekileyo Sekota Yeeveki Ezili-10
Ukuqinisekisa impumelelo, yakha ikharityhulam uqale ngasemva ukusuka ekuvuneni kokugqibela:
- Iveki yoku-1: Ukuseta, ukulungiselela iitreyi, kunye novavanyo olusisiseko lomhlaba okanye lwezondlo.
- Iveki yesi-2 (Umhla Wokugqibela Oqinileyo Wokuhlwayela): Hlwayela imbewu yeeradishi, imifuno enamagqabi athe saa, nespinatshi esincinci. Ukuhlwayela emva koLwesihlanu weVeki yesi-2 kuzisa umngcipheko ongenakulawuleka.
- Iveki yesi-3: Ukubala ukuntshula, ukunciphisa izithole ukuze kubekho izikhewu ezifanelekileyo, kunye nokurekhoda imilinganiselo yokukhula kwiincwadi zokusebenzela.
- Iveki yesi-4–6: Isigaba sokukhula ngokukhawuleza kohlaza. Hlwayela iqoqo elikhawulezayo leentsuku ezili-10 lemifuno emincinci (microgreens) apha ukubonisa uthelekiso lwemijikelo yobomi.
- Iveki yesi-7–8: Izivuno zokuqala ezikhethiweyo (amagqabi angaphandle e-chard neletisi; ukuvunwa ngokupheleleyo kweeradishi zakuqala).
- Iveki ye-9: Ukuvuna kokugqibela kokucoca, ukugcinwa kwedatha eninzi, ukungcamla okanye ukunikela, kunye nokucocwa kwenkqubo.
- Iveki ye-10: Ukugqitywa kweemviwo nokusongwa kwezinto zesikolo kungashiywanga zityalo ziphilayo zisemngciphekweni.
Ngokuhlonipha ikhalenda yekota kunokulwa nayo, ootitshala banokuguqula ezolimo zaseklasini ekubeni ngamangcwaba angakhathalelwanga asemva kweeholide zibe yimpumelelo yenzululwazi ephindaphindekayo.
