Xa amagqabi ezityalo ejika abe tyheli qhaqha okanye abe mhlophe ngathi luphondo lwendlovu ngelixa imithambo ihlala iluhlaza krwele, inkqubo yakho inengxaki ye-interveinal chlorosis (ukuba tyheli phakathi kwemithambo). Phantse kuzo zonke iisistim ze-hydroponics zaseklasini, ingxaki asikokuba amanzi akho anqongophelwe sisichumiso; ingxaki yeyokuba izityalo azikwazi ukusifunxa. Izakhamzimba ezincinci (micronutrients)—ingakumbi i-ayoni (iron) okanye i-magnesium—zivalekile kwindawo yeengcambu.

Xilonga Igqabi: Ngaba yi-Ayoni okanye yi-Magnesium?

Phambi kokuba ubambe iibhotile zakho zezakhamzimba okanye ukhuphele amanzi kwidreyini yelabhoratri, jonga ngononophelo apho ukuba tyheli kuvela khona esityalweni:

• Ukukhula okutsha, phezulu: Ukuba amagqabi amatsha athe saa encotsheni atyheli qhaqha anemithambo eluhlaza bumnyama ngendlela eyahlukileyo, ingxaki ngokuqinisekileyo kukunqongophala kwe-ayoni (Fe). I-ayoni yinto engahambiyo (immobile element). Xa isityalo sifaka i-ayoni kumagqabi amadala, asikwazi ukuyitsala sibuyele nayo ukuze sondle ahlumayo amatsha. Ukuba unikezelo luyema, amagqabi amatsha abonisa ukusilela ngoko nangoko.
• Ukukhula okudala, ezantsi: Ukuba ukuba tyheli kuqala kumagqabi amakhulu akufuphi nesiseko ngelixa amagqabi amatsha ebonakala eluhlaza ngokufanelekileyo, ujongene nokunqongophala kwe-magnesium (Mg). I-magnesium iyahamba (mobile); xa unikezelo luphela, isityalo sithatha izondlo kumagqabi aso asezantsi ukuze sixhase ahlumayo amatsha aphezulu.

Kwi-hydroponics yasesikolweni, ukuvaleka kwe-ayoni yeyona ngxaki ixhaphakileyo kakhulu.

Oyena Mbangeli Ophambili: Ukunyuka kwe-pH Ngaphezu kwe-6.5

Amanzi etephu asemafusini nakwimizi yokufundela kuMzantsi Afrika wonke adla ngokuba nee-carbonate ezinyibilikileyo eziphakathi nendawo ukuya kweziphezulu. Xa ugcwalisa itanki, amanzi asenokuba kwisiqingatha esiphakathi (pH 7.0) okanye ngaphezulu. Nokuba ungayilungisa ngosuku lokuqala, njengoko imifuno enamagqabi isitya ii-nitrate ezinyibilikileyo, iingcambu zayo zikhupha ii-ion ze-hydroxide (OH^-) okanye ze-bicarbonate emanzini, nto leyo eqhubela i-pH phezulu ngokuthe ngcembe kwiintsuku ezintlanu ukuya kwezilishumi.

Xa umxube wezakhamzimba unyuka ngaphezu kwe-pH 6.5:

• I-iron chelate eqhelekileyo, njenge-iron EDTA (efumaneka kwiimiksi ezininzi eziqhelekileyo ze-hydroponic ezinamalungu amabini), iyachitheka kwaye i-oksideyithe ibe yi-ferric hydroxide enganyibilikiyo. I-ayoni iyaphuma kumxube ize ihlale phantsi njengetshetshe engabonakaliyo. Imitha yakho ye-electrical conductivity (EC) isenokubonisa ubuninzi beetyuwa ezinyibilikileyo, kodwa izityalo zakho zilambele i-ayoni.
• Ukufumaneka kwe-phosphorus kunye ne-manganese nako kwehla kakhulu xa i-pH inqumla u-7.0.
• Phakathi kwe-pH 5.8 kunye ne-6.2, i-ayoni, i-magnesium, i-manganese, kunye ne-zinc zihlala zinyibilika ngokukhululekileyo kwaye zifumaneka ukuze zifunxwe ziingcambu.

Umba Ofihlakeleyo: Amatanki Abandayo Aseklasini

Ukuba i-pH yakho ihleli kakuhle ku-6.0 kwaye amagqabi asajika amhlophe, jonga ubushushu bamanzi akho etankini. Ngethuba lasebusika elibandayo, okanye ngeempela-veki ezinde xa izifudumezi-gumbi zasesikolweni zicinyiwe, amaqondo obushushu etanki anokuhla ngaphantsi kwe-15°C.

Ukusebenza kweengcambu (metabolism) kuthoba ngamandla emanzini abandayo. Ukuphefumla kwesityalo kwaye kunciphe, ukuthuthwa kwezondlo kwiiseli zeengcambu kuyama, kwaye ukufunxwa kwezakhamzimba ezincinci kwehla nangona izondlo zinyibilike ngokwemichiza etankini. Iingcambu ezihlala emanzini abandayo, angenamoya waneleyo zihlala zixelisa ukunqongophala kwezondlo okusemgangathweni kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa.

Indlela Yokulungisa Itanki Ngaphandle Kokukhupha Amanzi

Ukulahla iilitha ezingama-50 ukuya kwezingama-100 zamanzi alungisiweyo kumosha amanzi, kumosha izakhamzimba ezixabisa imali eninzi, kwaye kubuyisela umgangatho webhayoloji emva ngokungeyomfuneko. Phantse ngamaxesha onke unokuyilungisa i-interveinal chlorosis ngaphakathi kwenkqubo esasebenzayo.

1. Lungisa i-pH yeTanki

Sebenzisa usiba lwe-pH lwedijithali olulinganisiweyo okanye amathontsi amatsha alulwelo olubonisa i-pH. Ukuba itanki ifundeka ngaphezulu kwe-6.5, faka i-phosphoric acid ekumgangatho wokutyiwa exutyiweyo (pH Down). Yongeza kancinci—malunga ne-1 ukuya kwi-2 ml kwiilitha ezili-10 zamanzi—gquba kakuhle, linda imizuzu engamashumi amabini ngelixa impompo ijikelezisa amanzi, uze uphinde uvavanye. Zama ukufikelela kumlinganiselo ophakathi kwe-5.8 kunye ne-6.2.

2. Lungisa Iqondo Lobushushu Lwamanzi

Ukuba itanki ingaphantsi kwe-17°C, faka isifudumezi se-akwariyam esingena phantsi kwamanzi esine-thermostat ehlanganisiweyo, usimise ku-19°C okanye u-20°C. Musa ukulifudumeza lidlule kwi-22°C; amanzi afudumeleyo abamba i-oksijini encinci enyibilikileyo kwaye amema izifo zeengcambu ezifana ne-Pythium.

3. Tshiza Amagqabi Ngokukhawuleza (Foliar Spray)

Ukuchacha kweengcambu kuthatha iintsuku eziliqela, kodwa izicwili zamagqabi zikwazi ukufunxa izakhamzimba ezincinci ngokuthe ngqo kumaleko wangaphandle kwiiyure nje ezimbalwa. Ngelixa usalindele ukuba indawo yeengcambu ilungelelane kwakhona:

• Kwi-chlorosis ye-ayoni (amagqabi aphezulu atyheli): Nyibilikisa i-0.5 g ye-chelated iron (ngokungcono i-Fe-DTPA okanye i-Fe-EDDHA, ezihlala zizinzile kuluhlu olubanzi) kwilitha e-1 yamanzi acocekileyo. Fefa amagqabi kancinci ekuseni kakhulu phambi kokuba izibane zokukhulisa zikhanyiswe ukunqanda ukutsha kwamagqabi.
• Kwi-chlorosis ye-magnesium (amagqabi asezantsi atyheli): Nyibilikisa i-2 g ye-Epsom salts yezolimo eqhelekileyo (magnesium sulphate) kwilitha e-1 yamanzi uze utshize ngaphantsi kwamagqabi.

4. Yongeza Ngqo eTankini

Ukuba urhanela ukuba itanki ngokwenene ayinayo i-magnesium eyaneleyo, nyibilikisa i-5 g ye-Epsom salts kwiilitha ezingama-50 zomthamo wetanki ngqo emanzini. Ukuba i-ayoni iphelile ngenxa yokusebenza kwetanki ixesha elide, yongeza i-chelator efana ne-Fe-DTPA emalunga ne-1 g kwiilitha ezingama-50. Ukuba iklasi yakho yenza iiprothothayiphi zokufaka izondlo ngokuzenzekelayo isebenzisa ii-microcontroller okanye ilandelela utshintsho lwemo engqongileyo nge-monitha ye-hydroponic ezenzekelayo, lo ngumlinganiselo ngqo omele ubhalwe: vula unyango lokulungisa ngalo lonke ixesha i-pH idlula u-6.5 okanye amaqondo obushushu etanki ehla ngaphantsi kwe-16°C.

Inkqubo Yolondolozo Yaseklasini

Ukunqanda ukubuya kwe-interveinal chlorosis, yenza itshathi yemisebenzi yeveki yabafundi:

Xa ubuyisela i-pH kummandla we-5.8 ukuya ku-6.2 uze ufudumeze indawo yeengcambu, amagqabi ane-chlorosis aya kubuyelwa ngumbala wawo oluhlaza ogcweleyo kwiintsuku ezintathu ukuya kwezisixhenxe, eqala emaphethelweni aze agcwalise phakathi kwemithambo.