Singayifundisa Yini I-IoT Esikoleni Ngaphandle Koxhumano Lwe-inthanethi?
Yebo, ungakwazi ukufundisa i-IoT nokuhlela ama-socket ungaxhunyiwe nhlobo. Ngokumisa inethiwekhi yendawo yekilasi ezimele usebenzisa irutha eshibhile, ungawagwema ama-firewall aqinile esikole futhi uqhubeke ufundisa naphakathi kokucishwa kukagesi.
Yebo, ungakwazi ukufundisa i-Inthanethi Yezinto (IoT) nokuhlela amanethiwekhi ngaphandle koxhumano lwe-inthanethi olusebenzayo. Eqinisweni, ezikoleni eziningi zaseNingizimu Afrika, ukuzama ukuqhuba ikharikhulamu ye-IoT ngoxhumano oluyinhloko lwe-inthanethi lwesikole kuyindlela eqondile yokuwisa isifundo.
Amanethiwekhi e-IT ezikoleni aziwa njengendawo enzima kakhulu kuma-microcontroller. Ama-firewall aqinile avimba amaphothi angajwayelekile asetshenziswa amaprothokholi e-IoT, izinhlelo zokuqinisekisa ze-WPA2-Enterprise zenqaba amabhodi ashibhile e-ESP32 noma e-ESP8266, futhi ukwehla ngokuzumayo kwe-bandwidth noma ukuphazamiseka kwe-fibre okubangelwa ukucishwa kukagesi kungachitha uhlolo lokwenza ngaso leso sikhathi. Ngokudlulisela ikharikhulamu yakho enethiwekhini yendawo ezimele engaxhunyiwe (LAN) ngaphakathi ekilasini lakho, uzigwema ngokuphelele lezi zithiyo. Uphinde ufundise abafundi izisekelo zangempela zamanethiwekhi, ukuhlela ama-socket, namaprothokholi, kunokubafundisa nje indlela yokukopisha nokunamathisela okhiye be-API kudeshibhodi yefu enomnikazi othile.
Inkinga Ye-Wi-Fi Yesikole
Ngaphambi kokubheka isixazululo, kuyasiza ukuqonda ukuthi kungani indlela ejwayelekile ihluleka. Iningi lezikole ezizama i-IoT lizama ukuxhuma amadivayisi abafundi ngqo ku-Wi-Fi yesikole ukuze athumele idatha ezinsizakalweni zefu ezinjenge-Adafruit IO, i-Blynk, noma i-AWS IoT. Le ndlela ihlangabezana nezithiyo ezintathu ngokushesha:
- Ukuphepha Kwezinkampani (WPA2-Enterprise): Amanethiwekhi amaningi ezikole adinga igama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi ukuze ungene, hhayi nje ukhiye owabelwene ngawo ngaphambili (iphasiwedi). Ama-microcontroller ajwayelekile anjenge-ESP32 awakusekeli kalula ukuqinisekiswa kwezinkampani ngokushesha ngaphandle kwekhodi eyinkimbinkimbi nebuthakathaka.
- Ukuvinjwa Kwamaphothi Nama-firewall: Abaphathi be-IT ezikoleni bavimba cishe konke ngaphandle kwethrafikhi evamile yewebhu (amaphothi 80 no-443). Amaprothokholi e-IoT avamile anjenge-MQTT (iphothi 1883) noma i-CoAP avinjwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ukuthola umnyango we-IT ukuthi uvule amaphothi amadivayisi abafundi angamashumi amathathu kuyimpi ende, evamise ukungaphumeleli.
- Ukuncika Ku-WAN: Uma isifundo sakho sincike kuseva yangaphandle, ikilasi lakho lisezandleni zomhlinzeki wakho wesevisi ye-inthanethi. ENingizimu Afrika, ngisho noma isikole sakho sinejeneretha noma i-UPS yokucishwa kukagesi, imibhoshongo yamaselula yendawo namanodi e-fibre avame ukuphuma ku-inthanethi, kunqamuke ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi kanti izibani zekilasi lakho zisakhanya.
"Sichithe amasonto amathathu sizama ukuthola umnyango we-IT wesikole sethu ukuthi ufake amakheli e-MAC angamashumi amathathu e-ESP32 ohlwini olugunyaziwe, sagcina sithola ukuthi i-firewall yayivimba ithrafikhi ye-MQTT noma kunjalo. Isifundo saba yize."
Isakhiwo Sokungaxhunyiwe: Sisebenza Kanjani
Ilebhu ye-IoT engaxhunyiwe ifaka iseva yasendaweni ehleli ngaphakathi ekilasini lakho esikhundleni seseva yefu ekude. Ama-microcontroller abafundi axhuma kurutha ye-Wi-Fi yasendaweni engenalo uxhumano nezwe elingaphandle. Le rutha ihambisa ithrafikhi phakathi kwamabhodi abafundi nekhompyutha yasendaweni ephethe (njengelaptop kathisha noma i-Raspberry Pi) esebenzisa isofthiwe yeseva yasendaweni.
| Isici | I-IoT esekelwe efini (Ixhunyiwe) | I-IoT ye-LAN yasendaweni (Ayixhunyiwe) |
|---|---|---|
| Kudingeka I-inthanethi | Yebo (kudingeka i-bandwidth ephakeme/ukubambezeleka okuphansi) | Cha (ayixhunyiwe nhlobo) |
| Imvume Yomphathi We-IT | Iyadingeka (imithetho ye-firewall, ukufakwa kwe-MAC ohlwini olugunyaziwe) | Ayikho (inethiwekhi ezimele ngokuphelele) |
| Izindleko Zehadiwe | Ama-microcontroller ajwayelekile | Ama-microcontroller + irutha eyodwa eshibhile ka-R400 |
| Amaprothokholi Afundiswayo | Ama-API anomnikazi othile, i-HTTP REST | Ama-socket amsulwa e-TCP/UDP, i-MQTT, i-HTTP, ama-WebSocket |
| Ukwethembeka | Isengozini yokucishwa kukagesi nokuphazamiseka kwe-WAN | Ukusebenza kwe-100% ngebhethri lasendaweni/i-UPS yokusekela |
Isinyathelo Nesinyathelo: Ukumisa I-LAN Yekilasi Lakho
Ukuze wakhe lolu hlelo, udinga izingxenye ezintathu zehadiwe: ama-microcontroller abafundi (anjenge-ESP32, abiza cishe u-R120 kuya ku-R180 ngalinye), irutha ye-Wi-Fi engabizi (noma iyiphi irutha eyisisekelo ka-R350 kuya ku-R500 evela kumthengisi wendawo izokwanela), kanye nekhompyutha esemaphakathi ezosebenza "njengomxhumanisi" noma njengeseva.
1. Lungisa Irutha
Khipha irutha yakho eshibhile ebhokisini bese uyivula. Awufaki lutho ephothini le-WAN (eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka). Ngena kuphaneli yomphathi yerutha bese umisa inethiwekhi eyisisekelo ye-WPA2-Personal ene-SSID elula (isibonelo, "Classroom-IoT") nephasiwedi eqinile kodwa eningabelana ngayo. Ngenxa yokuthi le nethiwekhi ayinakho ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi, ubungozi bokuphepha buncane, kodwa ukuyigcina iyimfihlo kuvimbela abafundi abavela kwamanye amakilasi ukuthi baxhume baphazamise izifundo zakho.
2. Misa Umxhumanisi Wasendaweni (Iseva)
Ukuze ufundise ukuthumela imilayezo ye-IoT okujwayelekile, udinga umxhumanisi we-MQTT. I-MQTT iyiprothokholi elula yokushicilela nokubhalisa eqhuba iningi le-IoT yezimboni. I-Mosquitto ingumxhumanisi we-MQTT wamahhala onomthombo ovulekile ongawufaka kulaptop yakho kathisha (i-Windows, i-macOS, noma i-Linux) noma ku-Raspberry Pi ezinikelwe lowo msebenzi ngaphansi kwemizuzu emihlanu. Uma isufakiwe futhi isebenza, ilaptop yakho iba yiposi eliphakathi lemilayezo yonke ye-IoT egumbini.
3. Yaba Amakheli e-IP Amile
Njengoba ingekho iseva ye-DNS ehumusha amagama anjengelithi "mybroker.local" kunethiwekhi elula engaxhunyiwe, ama-microcontroller abafundi bakho azodinga ukuxhuma ngqo ekhelini le-IP leseva yakho (isibonelo, 192.168.0.100). Kuzilungiselelo zerutha yakho, misa ukubekelwa kwe-DHCP ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ilaptop kathisha noma i-Raspberry Pi ithola ikheli le-IP elifana ncamashi njalo uma ixhuma.
Ongakufundisa Kunethiwekhi Engaxhunyiwe
Ukususa i-inthanethi akuyikhawuleli ikharikhulamu yakho; empeleni kuyayijulisa. Esikhundleni sokufundisa abafundi indlela yokusebenzisa inkundla yefu ethile yezentengiso, ungabafundisa izendlalelo eziyisisekelo zenethiwekhi ezichazwe kwikharikhulamu ye-CAPS nakumazinga amazwe ngamazwe esayensi yamakhompyutha.
- Ukuhlela Ama-socket Amsulwa: Abafundi bangabhala ikhodi eyisisekelo ye-Python noma ye-C++ ukuze bavule ama-socket amsulwa e-TCP noma e-UDP. Bangathumela amaphakethe ombhalo omsulwa asuka ku-ESP32 aye kumlaleli olula we-Python osebenza kulaptop yakho. Babona, ngesikhathi sangempela, ukuthi ama-byte ahamba kanjani edlula endaweni ephathekayo.
- Amaseva Ewebhu Asendaweni: Abafundi bangahlela amabhodi abo e-ESP32 ukuthi asingathe iseva yewebhu yasendaweni. Uma isiphequluli esikuyo inethiwekhi efanayo siya ekhelini le-IP lebhodi, libonisa ikhasi le-HTML elenziwe ngokwezifiso elivumela umsebenzisi ukuvula noma acishe i-LED ephathekayo noma afunde inzwa ye-analogue.
- Ukushicilela/Ukubhalisa Kwe-MQTT: Abafundi bangahlela amadivayisi abo ukuthi ashicilele idatha yezinga lokushisa esihlokweni esinjengesithi
classroom/desk1/temp. Abanye abafundi bangahlela amadivayisi abo ukuthi abhalisele sona leso sihloko futhi avuse i-alamu uma izinga lokushisa likhuphuka. Lokhu kufundisa ukuxhumana kwangempela phakathi komshini nomshini (M2M) ngaphandle komxhumanisi wefu wenkampani yangaphandle. - Amadeshibhodi Asendaweni Nge-Node-RED: Ungasebenzisa i-Node-RED (ithuluzi lokuthuthukisa lamahhala elisekelwe ekugelezeni) kuseva yakho yasendaweni. Ingabhalisela izihloko ze-MQTT zabafundi bese ikhombisa amagrafu amahle esikhathini sangempela esikrinini sephrojektha phambili ekilasini—konke kusebenza ngasendaweni kulaptop yakho.
Isimo Sangempela Emakilasini AseNingizimu Afrika
Le ndlela yokungaxhunyiwe iqinile kakhulu. Uma ukucishwa kukagesi kufika, i-mini-UPS encane ka-12V (ebiza cishe u-R700 kuya ku-R900) ingagcina irutha yekilasi lakho ne-Raspberry Pi kusebenza kuze kube amahora ayisishiyagalombili. Ngenxa yokuthi abafundi babhala ikhodi kumalaptop anamabhethri angaphakathi futhi bethumela ikhodi kuma-microcontroller aphakelwa nge-USB, sonke isifundo sakho sokwenza se-IoT singaqhubeka ebumnyameni obukhulu ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka nokukodwa.
E-Sheen Robotics, sikhipha amakhithi ethu emfundo namaphakheji okusekela othisha sibhekene ncamashi nalezi zimo zangempela zomhlaba. Uma ufuna ukusebenzisa ikharikhulamu ye-IoT eqinile, engenazinkinga esikoleni sakho ngaphandle kokulwa nomnyango wakho we-IT, hlola amaphakheji ethu ezikole enziwe ngokwezidingo ku-Sheen School Services noma ubuke amakhithi ethu ehadiwe asebenza ungaxhunyiwe ku-Sheen IoT Solutions.
Ngokuthatha ulawulo lwenethiwekhi yekilasi lakho, ususa ukungqubuzana kokuphatha nokobuchwepheshe okubulala ukuzibandakanya kwabafundi. Uyeka ukuxazulula izinkinga zokuphelelwa yisikhathi kokuxhuma bese uqala ukufundisa ubunjiniyela bangempela.
