UGuqulo Lwesine Lwemizi-mveliso, okanye i-4IR, lelinye lamabinzana asetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kwimfundo yaseMzantsi Afrika okwangoku. Urhulumente, iidyunivesithi neenkampani zobuchwepheshe zonke ziyalisebenzisa, into leyo eyenza kube nzima ukwazi ukuba umfundi kufuneka enze ntoni ngokwenene ngalo. Ngaphantsi kwentengiso lithetha into eqinileyo: imisebenzi eqhelekileyo kuwo onke amashishini iqhutywa yisoftwe, zizivamvo nangoomatshini, kwaye umsebenzi oshiyeka usezandleni zabantu ngokuya ubandakanya ukukhokela, ukwakha nokugcina ezo nkqubo. Kumfundi oko kunciphisela kuluhlu olufutshane lwezakhono ezinokufundwa nakwiindlela ezimbalwa eziyinyani ukusuka esikolweni.

I-4IR ngaphandle kwegama elidumileyo

I-4IR asisiganeko esinye okanye ubuchwepheshe obutsha obunye. Ligama lento eyenzekayo xa izivamvo ezitshiphu, unxibelelwano olukhawulezayo, ikhompyutha yelifu nokufunda koomatshini kongezwa phezu kwamashishini asele ekho. EMzantsi Afrika ayifane ibonakale njengento yentsomi yenzululwazi. Ibonakala njengomgodi ojonga umngxuma ngedrone, njengebhanki evuma imali-mboleko isebenzisa imodeli yamanqaku, okanye njengefama ekhetha ixesha lokunkcenkceshela ngokusekelwe kwizifundo zomswakama womhlaba endaweni yokuqikelela nje.

Into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka umfundi ayithathe yile: i-4IR itshintsha imisebenzi engaphakathi kwesikhundla ngaphezu kokuba icima izikhundla ziphela ngobusuku obunye. Iinxalenye eziqhelekileyo, eziphindaphindwayo, zenziwa zizenzekele kuqala. Iinxalenye ezishiyekayo kubantu zezo zibandakanya ukugweba, ukuyila, nokuxelela oomatshini ukuba benze ntoni. Zezo nxalenye ekufanelekile ukuba uqeqeshelwe zona.

Izakhono ezine ezizuzisa ngokwenene

Emva kwelo gama lidumileyo kukho izakhono ezine avela ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwizibhengezo zemisebenzi zasekhaya. Awuwadingi omane. Ukuba ngcono ngokwenene kwesinye, unolwazi olusebenzayo lwesesibini, yindawo eyomeleleyo.

• Ukusebenza ngedatha. Ukufunda, ukucoca nokutolika amanani, uze uwaguqule abe sisigqibo okanye itshati umntu anokusebenza ngayo. Esi sesona sakhono sinokusetyenziswa kuzo zonke iindawo kwezine.
• Ukuzenzekela. Ukwenza isoftwe okanye oomatshini benze umsebenzi ophindaphindwayo ngaphandle kokuba umntu awuphinde. Oko kusukela kwimakro yespredishithi ukuya kwiskripthi esifayila ii-invoyisi ukuya kwisilawuli esiqhuba umgca wemveliso.
• Iinkqubo ezinamathelisiweyo. Apho izixhobo nekhowudi zidibana khona: ii-microcontroller, izivamvo nezixhobo ezincinci ezilinganisa okanye zilawule into ehlabathini eliphathekayo. Kulapho iirobhothi nomsebenzi omninzi wezolimo nowamandla ukhoyo.
• Ukukhokela i-AI. Ukusebenzisa izixhobo ze-AI kakuhle kwaye, okubaluleke ngakumbi, ukuzibeka esweni: ukubhala umyalelo ocacileyo, ukujonga isiphumo nokwazi ukuba impendulo ezithembileyo ayilunganga nini. Oku kukhawuleza kube sisakhono esisisiseko kunokuba sisakhono esikhethekileyo.

Ngawaphi amashishini asekhaya aqeshayo kule nto

Izakhono zibalulekile kuphela ukuba kukho umntu okufuphi ozihlawulelayo. Nantsi imephu eqikelelweyo esuka kwisakhono ngasinye isiya kumacandelo aseMzantsi Afrika anokusisebenzisa, nendlela umsebenzi wemihla ngemihla obonakala ngayo.

Isakhono	Amashishini oMzantsi Afrika	Indlela umsebenzi obonakala ngayo
Idatha	Iibhanki, i-inshorensi, ukuthengisa, unxibelelwano	Ukucoca iirekhodi ezingacwangciswanga, ukwakha iidashbhodi, ukubona iipatheni zamaxabiso okanye zobuqhophololo
Ukuzenzekela	Imveliso, ulungiselelo lokuthutha, imigodi, iiofisi zangasemva	Ukubhala iiskripthi zeenkqubo eziphindaphindwayo, ukulawula oomatshini, ukudibanisa iinkqubo ebezingathethi omnye komnye
Ezinamathelisiweyo	Ezolimo, amandla, imigodi, imveliso	Ukwakha nokugcina izivamvo nezilawuli ezisebenza entsimini, ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphandle kwegridi kambane
Ukukhokela i-AI	Intengiso, amajelo eendaba, inkonzo yabathengi, isoftwe	Ukubhala uyilo nge-AI, uze uhlele, ujonge inyaniso yeenkcukacha, ukufake emsebenzini wokwenene

Zimbini izinto eziphawulekayo kolo luhlu. Okokuqala, izakhono zeenkqubo ezinamathelisiweyo nezokuzenzekela zibaluleke kakhulu kumashishini uMzantsi Afrika osele uxhomekeke kuwo, njengemigodi, ezolimo namandla, into eluncedo ukuba ukhetha ukwakha umsebenzi apha kunokufudukela phesheya. Okwesibini, ucimacima wombane uthe cwaka wenza izakhono zasekhaya zeenkqubo ezinamathelisiweyo nezokuzenzekela zixabiseke ngakumbi, kuba amashishini amaninzi ngoku afuna abantu abanokugcina izivamvo, iibhetri neenkqubo zokugcina zisebenza ngethuba lokunqunyanyiswa kombane.

Ukusuka kwizifundo zesikolo ukuya kwindlela ye-4IR

Awukhethi "i-4IR" njengesifundo. Ufikelela apho ngezifundo eziqhelekileyo ze-CAPS, ezikhethwe ngenjongo ethile.

• IMathematika (isifundo esipheleleyo, hayi iMathematical Literacy) ngumgcini-sango wokwenene kwiindlela zedatha nezeAI nakwiidigri ezininzi zobunjineli. Ukuba umfundi ujonge kwicala lobuchwepheshe le-4IR, sesi isifundo esinye angafanele asilahle.
• IiNzululwazi ngeMizimba ziyisiseko seendlela zeenkqubo ezinamathelisiweyo nezobunjineli, ukusuka kwizixhobo zombane ukuya kwiirobhothi.
• ITekhnoloji Yolwazi ifundisa ukubhala ikhowudi ngokwenene kwaye yeyona ndlela ithe ngqo yesikolo eya kumsebenzi wesoftwe nowedatha. ITekhnoloji Yezicelo Zekhompyutha imalunga nokwazi ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bedijithali; iluncedo, kodwa ayifani nokufunda ukubhala ikhowudi.
• IiGrafiki Zobunjineli Noyilo ifanele abafundi abatsalwa yindlela izinto eziphathekayo eziyilwa zize zakhiwe ngayo.

Izifundo zivula iingcango, kodwa zizodwa zicotha kwaye zisekuthiyorini. Abafundi abaphumela phambili badla ngokuba ngabo bakha iiprojekthi ezincinci ngasecaleni, kwakudala phambi kwebanga leshumi.

Uqale phi ungalindanga ibanga leshumi

Eyona ndlela ikhawulezayo yokufumanisa ukuba umfundi uyawuthanda na lo msebenzi kukumvumela enze into edanyazayo, ehambayo okanye elinganisayo. Nasi isicwangciso esifutshane, esisebenzayo sokuqala:

1. Khetha isakhono esinye osizamayo kuqala. Iinkqubo ezinamathelisiweyo lindawo elungileyo yokuqala kuba iziphumo ziyaphatheka kwaye zibonakala ngoko nangoko.
2. Fumana ibhodi enye ye-microcontroller nezivamvo ezimbalwa kunokuba uthenge ikhithi ebizayo. Ibhodi efana ne-sheenbot∞ yenzelwe kanye olu hlobo lweprojekthi yokuqala.
3. Yakha iiprojekthi ezintathu ezincinci: into efunda isivamvo, into esabelayo kuso, nento exela isiphumo. Oko kugubungela isekelo saphantse wonke umsebenzi we-4IR.
4. Joyina iklasi ecwangcisiweyo ukuba ukuzifundisa kuyanqumama. I-akhademi yethu yokubhala ikhowudi neyeerobhothi eKapa iqhuba iiklasi ezahlulwe ngokweminyaka, kwaye isifundo sokuzama yindlela engabophi kakhulu yokuvavanya amanzi phambi kokuba uthenge nantoni na.

Ukuba ukhetha ukudibanisa eyakho ikhithi yokuqala, ivenkile inezibhodi namacandelo afanele abaqalayo. Akukho nanye kwezi zinto ekufuneka ibize; ibhodi enye elula nemva kwemini yasimahla zityhila okungakumbi ngomdla womfundi kunayo nayiphi na intetho ngemisebenzi.

Isishwankathelo

I-4IR asisihloko somsebenzi okanye isifundo sesikolo. Lutshintsho lokuba yiyiphi imisebenzi eyenziwa izenzekele nokuba zeziphi izakhono zabantu ezinqabayo. Kumfundi waseMzantsi Afrika olo tshintsho lukhomba kwizakhono ezine eziqinileyo: idatha, ukuzenzekela, iinkqubo ezinamathelisiweyo nokukhokela i-AI. Yigcine iMathematika epheleleyo etafileni, khetha iiNzululwazi ngeMizimba okanye iTekhnoloji Yolwazi apho unako, uze uqale ukwakha iiprojekthi ezincinci kwangethuba. Igama elidumileyo liya kutshabalala. Umkhwa wokwenza izinto zisebenze awuyi kutshabalala.

Imibuzo eqhelekileyo

Ngaba umntwana wam kufuneka abe yingcaphephe kwimathematika?

Hayi, kodwa iindlela zobuchwepheshe zicinga ukuba ukhululekile kwisifundo esipheleleyo seMathematika kunokuba kwiMathematical Literacy. Ukukhokela i-AI nomsebenzi othile osondele kwidatha kuxolela ngakumbi, ngoko umfundi osokolayo ngemathematika usenazo iindlela zokwenene.

Ngaba ukubhala ikhowudi kuphela kwesakhono se-4IR esifanelekileyo?

Hayi. Ukubhala ikhowudi kuyanceda phantse yonke indawo, kodwa ukuzenzekela, ukusebenza ngedatha nokubeka esweni izixhobo ze-AI ngasinye simi ngokwaso. Imisebenzi emininzi ehlawula kakuhle esondele kwi-4IR ibandakanya ikhowudi encinci kakhulu ebhalwe ngesandla.

Ngaba umfundi kufuneka aye kwidyunivesithi okanye aye ngqo emsebenzini?

Kuxhomekeke kwisakhono. Izikhundla zedatha nezobunjineli zisafuna idigri, ngelixa ukudlala ngeenkqubo ezinamathelisiweyo, ukuzenzekela nokukhokela i-AI kuvuza iportfoliyo eyomeleleyo yeeprojekthi zokwenene, umfundi anokuqala ukuyakha esesesikolweni.