Singayifundisa i-IoT esikolweni ngaphandle koqhagamshelo lwe-intanethi?
Ewe, ungayifundisa i-IoT nokuprogrema kwesokethi ngaphandle kwe-intanethi ngokupheleleyo. Ngokuseka uthungelwano lwasekuhlaleni oluzimeleyo egumbini leklasi usebenzisa irautha etshiphu, ungaziphepha iifayawoli ezingqongqo zesikolo uze uqhubeke ufundisa nangexesha locimicimi.
Ewe, ungayifundisa i-Internet of Things (IoT) nokuprogrema kothungelwano ngaphandle koqhagamshelo lwe-intanethi olusebenzayo. Enyanisweni, kwizikolo ezininzi zaseMzantsi Afrika, ukuzama ukuqhuba ikharityhulam ye-IoT usebenzisa uqhagamshelo lwe-intanethi oluphambili lwesikolo yindlela eqinisekisa ukuba isifundo siphelele phantsi.
Uthungelwano lwe-IT lwezikolo laziwa njengendawo enzima kakhulu kwiimayikhrokhontrola. Iifayawoli ezingqongqo zivala iipoti ezingaqhelekanga ezisetyenziswa ziiprothokholi ze-IoT, iinkqubo zoqinisekiso ze-WPA2-Enterprise ziyazikhaba iibhodi ezitshiphu ze-ESP32 okanye ze-ESP8266, kwaye ukwehla ngequbuliso kwe-bandwidth okanye ukunqamka kwefayibha okubangelwa lucimicimi kunokuluchitha ngephanyazo uvavanyo lwasepraktikhali. Ngokufudusela ikharityhulam yakho kuthungelwano lwendawo (LAN) oluzimeleyo, olungasebenzisi i-intanethi ngaphakathi kwigumbi lakho leklasi, uyaziphepha ngokupheleleyo ezi ziphazamiso. Ukwafundisa abafundi izisekelo zokwenene zothungelwano, zokuprogrema kwesokethi, nezeeprothokholi, endaweni yokubafundisa nje indlela yokukopa nokuncamathisela izitshixo ze-API kwideshbhodi yelifu yabucala.
Ingxaki ye-Wi-Fi yesikolo
Phambi kokuba sijonge isisombululo, kuyanceda ukuqonda ukuba kutheni le ndlela iqhelekileyo isilela. Uninzi lwezikolo ezizama i-IoT luzama ukuqhagamshela izixhobo zabafundi ngqo kwi-Wi-Fi yesikolo ukuze zithumele idatha kwiinkonzo zelifu ezinje nge-Adafruit IO, i-Blynk, okanye i-AWS IoT. Le ndlela idibana nemiqobo emithathu ngoko nangoko:
- Ukhuseleko lweShishini (WPA2-Enterprise): Uninzi lothungelwano lwezikolo lufuna igama lomsebenzisi kunye nephasiwedi ukuze ungene, kungekhona nje isitshixo esabelwanayo ngaphambili (iphasiwedi). Iimayikhrokhontrola eziqhelekileyo ezinje nge-ESP32 azilixhasi ngokulula uqinisekiso lweshishini ngokwendalo yazo ngaphandle kwekhowudi entsonkothileyo nebuthathaka.
- Ukuvalwa kweePoti neeFayawoli: Abalawuli be-IT bezikolo bavala phantse yonke into ngaphandle kwezithuthi zewebhu eziqhelekileyo (iipoti ezingu-80 nezingu-443). Iiprothokholi ze-IoT eziqhelekileyo ezinje nge-MQTT (ipoti 1883) okanye i-CoAP zivalwe ngokuzenzekelayo. Ukufumana isebe le-IT ukuba livulele izixhobo zabafundi ezingamashumi amathathu iipoti ngumlo omde, nohlala ungaphumeleli.
- Ukuxhomekeka kwi-WAN: Ukuba isifundo sakho sixhomekeke kwiseva yangaphandle, igumbi lakho leklasi lisezandleni zomboneleli weenkonzo ze-intanethi. EMzantsi Afrika, nokuba isikolo sakho sinejenereyitha okanye i-UPS yocimicimi, iinqaba zomnxeba nemiqhagamshelo yefayibha yasekuhlaleni zihlala zicima, zinqumla ufikelelo lwe-intanethi ngelixa izibane zegumbi lakho leklasi zisavuthile.
"Sichithe iiveki ezintathu sizama ukucenga isebe le-IT lesikolo sethu ukuba livumele iidilesi ze-MAC ze-ESP32 ezingamashumi amathathu, kodwa ekugqibeleni safumanisa ukuba ifayawoli ibe iwavala nakanjani na amaqela e-MQTT. Isifundo saphelela phantsi ngokupheleleyo."
Uyilo Lokusebenza Ngaphandle Kwe-intanethi: Lusebenza Njani
Ilebhu ye-IoT engasebenzisi i-intanethi ithatha indawo yeseva yelifu ekude ngeseva yasekuhlaleni ehleli kanye ngaphakathi kwigumbi lakho leklasi. Iimayikhrokhontrola zabafundi ziqhagamshela kwirautha ye-Wi-Fi yasekuhlaleni engenalo uqhagamshelo kwihlabathi langaphandle. Le rautha ihambisa idatha phakathi kweebhodi zabafundi nekhompyutha esingathayo yasekuhlaleni (njengelaptop yotitshala okanye i-Raspberry Pi) esebenzisa isoftwe yeseva yasekuhlaleni.
| Uphawu | I-IoT esekelwe kwiLifu (Kwi-intanethi) | I-IoT ye-LAN yasekuhlaleni (Ngaphandle kwe-intanethi) |
|---|---|---|
| I-intanethi iyafuneka | Ewe (kufuneka i-bandwidth ephakamileyo/ukulibaziseka okuphantsi) | Hayi (ayisebenzisi i-intanethi kwaphela) |
| Imvume yoMlawuli we-IT | Iyafuneka (imithetho yefayawoli, ukuvunyelwa kweedilesi ze-MAC) | Ayifuneki (uthungelwano oluzimele ngokupheleleyo) |
| Iindleko zeZixhobo | Iimayikhrokhontrola eziqhelekileyo | Iimayikhrokhontrola + irautha enye etshiphu ka-R400 |
| Iiprothokholi ezifundiswayo | Ii-API zabucala, i-HTTP REST | Iisokethi ezikrwada ze-TCP/UDP, i-MQTT, i-HTTP, ii-WebSockets |
| Ukuthembeka | Isengozini yocimicimi nokunqamka kwe-WAN | Ukusebenza kwe-100% ngebhetri yasekuhlaleni/i-UPS yogcino |
Inyathelo Ngenyathelo: Ukuseka i-LAN yeGumbi Lakho leKlasi
Ukwakha le nkqubo, ufuna izinto ezintathu zezixhobo: iimayikhrokhontrola zabafundi (ezinje nge-ESP32, ezixabisa malunga no-R120 ukuya ku-R180 nganye), irautha ye-Wi-Fi engabizi kakhulu (nayiphi na irautha esisiseko ka-R350 ukuya ku-R500 evenkileni yasekuhlaleni iyakwanela), kunye nekhompyutha ephambili eza kusebenza "njengomlamli" okanye iseva.
1. Cwangcisa iRautha
Khupha irautha yakho etshiphu ebhokisini uze uyivule. Akufuneki ufake nantoni na kwipoti ye-WAN (eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka). Ngena kwiphaneli yolawulo yerautha uze useke uthungelwano olusisiseko lwe-WPA2-Personal ngesazisi esilula se-SSID (umz., "Classroom-IoT") kunye nephasiwedi eyomeleleyo kodwa enokwabelwana ngayo. Ngenxa yokuba olu thungelwano lungenayo i-intanethi, imingcipheko yokhuseleko mincinci, kodwa ukulugcina lubucala kuthintela abafundi bamanye amagumbi eklasi ekubeni baqhagamshele baze baphazamise izifundo zakho.
2. Seka uMlamli Wasekuhlaleni (iSeva)
Ukuze ufundise ukuthumela imiyalezo ye-IoT ngokwemigangatho eqhelekileyo, ufuna umlamli we-MQTT. I-MQTT yiprothokholi elula yokupapasha-nokubhalisa exhasa uninzi lwe-IoT yemizi-mveliso. I-Mosquitto ngumlamli we-MQTT osimahla, onemvelaphi evulekileyo, onokuwufaka kwilaptop yakho yotitshala (i-Windows, i-macOS, okanye i-Linux) okanye kwi-Raspberry Pi ezinikeleyo kwimizuzu engaphantsi kwemihlanu. Emva kokufakwa nokuqala ukusebenza, ilaptop yakho iba liposi eliphambili lemiyalezo yonke ye-IoT kwelo gumbi.
3. Yabela ii-IP eziNgatshintshiyo
Ekubeni kungekho seva ye-DNS eguqulela amagama anje nge-"mybroker.local" kuthungelwano olulula olungasebenzisi i-intanethi, iimayikhrokhontrola zabafundi bakho kuya kufuneka ziqhagamshele ngqo kwidilesi ye-IP yeseva yakho (umz., 192.168.0.100). Kwiisetingi zerautha yakho, cwangcisa ugcino lwe-DHCP ukuqinisekisa ukuba ilaptop yotitshala okanye i-Raspberry Pi ihlala ifumana kanye idilesi ye-IP efanayo ngalo lonke ixesha iqhagamshela.
Onokukufundisa Kuthungelwano Olungasebenzisi i-intanethi
Ukususa i-intanethi akuyithinteli ikharityhulam yakho; enyanisweni kuyayenza inzulu ngakumbi. Endaweni yokufundisa abafundi indlela yokusebenzisa iqonga elithile lorhwebo lelifu, ungabafundisa imaleko esisiseko yothungelwano echazwe kwikharityhulam ye-CAPS nakwimigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe yesayensi yeekhompyutha.
- Ukuprogrema iiSokethi eziKrwada: Abafundi banokubhala ikhowudi esisiseko ye-Python okanye ye-C++ ukuze bavule iisokethi ezikrwada ze-TCP okanye ze-UDP. Banokuthumela iiphakethe zombhalo ocacileyo besuka kwi-ESP32 besiya kwisiphulaphuli esilula se-Python esisebenza kwilaptop yakho. Babona, ngexesha lokwenene, indlela ii-byte ezihamba ngayo kwindlela ephathekayo.
- Iiseva zeWebhu zaseKuhlaleni: Abafundi banokuprograma iibhodi zabo ze-ESP32 ukuba zisingathe iseva yewebhu yasekuhlaleni. Xa isikhangeli esikuthungelwano olunye siya kwidilesi ye-IP yebhodi, ibonisa iphepha le-HTML elenziwe ngokwezifiso elivumela umsebenzisi ukuba acime okanye alayite isibane se-LED esiphathekayo okanye afunde isenza ye-analog.
- Ukupapasha/Ukubhalisa kwe-MQTT: Abafundi banokuprograma izixhobo zabo ukuba zipapashe idatha yobushushu kumxholo onje nge-
classroom/desk1/temp. Abanye abafundi banokuprograma izixhobo zabo ukuba zibhalise kwakuloo mxholo zize zivule i-alam ukuba ubushushu buyanyuka. Oku kufundisa unxibelelwano lokwenene phakathi komatshini nomatshini (M2M) ngaphandle kwaliphi na ilifu lomntu wesithathu. - Iideshbhodi zaseKuhlaleni ngeNode-RED: Ungasebenzisa i-Node-RED (isixhobo sophuhliso sasimahla, esisekelwe kwiflowu) kwiseva yakho yasekuhlaleni. Inokubhalisa kwimixholo ye-MQTT yabafundi ize ibonise imizobo emihle, yexesha lokwenene kwisikrini sesiprojektha ngaphambili egumbini leklasi—yonke isebenza apha ekhaya kwilaptop yakho.
Inyaniso Esebenzayo Kumagumbi Eklasi aseMzantsi Afrika
Le ndlela yokusebenza ngaphandle kwe-intanethi inobuqilima obukhulu. Ukuba ucimicimi luyafika, i-mini-UPS encinci ye-12V (exabisa malunga no-R700 ukuya ku-R900) inokugcina irautha yegumbi lakho leklasi kunye ne-Raspberry Pi zisebenza iiyure ezisibhozo. Ngenxa yokuba abafundi bakhowuda kwiilaptop ezineebhetri zangaphakathi baze bathumele ikhowudi kwiimayikhrokhontrola ezisebenza nge-USB, sonke isifundo sakho sepraktikhali se-IoT sinokuqhubeka emnyameni ngaphandle kwesiphazamiso nesinye.
Kwa-Sheen Robotics, siyila izixhobo zethu zemfundo neepakethe zenkxaso yootitshala sijikeleze kanye le miqobo yehlabathi lokwenene. Ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisa ikharityhulam ye-IoT eyomeleleyo, engenazingxaki esikolweni sakho ngaphandle kokulwa nesebe lakho le-IT, hlola iipakethe zethu zesikolo ezenzelwe wena kwi-Sheen School Services okanye ujonge izixhobo zethu ezisebenza ngaphandle kwe-intanethi kwi-Sheen IoT Solutions.
Ngokuthatha ulawulo lothungelwano lwegumbi lakho leklasi, ususa ukungqubana kolawulo nobuchwepheshe okubulala ukuzibandakanya kwabafundi. Uyayeka ukusombulula iingxaki zokuphelelwa lixesha koqhagamshelo uze uqale ukufundisa ubunjineli bokwenene.
