Isixhobo sendawo-kuqala senza umsebenzi waso ophambili kwi-hardware yaso nakwinethiwekhi yendawo, size sithathe i-intanethi njengesipho esongezelelweyo kunokuba ibe yimfuneko. Xa ilifu likhethwa nje, ukunqamka koqhagamshelwano okanye ithuba lokucinywa kombane kuthetha inkathazo emfutshane, hayi isixhobo esifileyo. Eli nqaku licacisa ukuba kutheni izixhobo ezixhomekeke kwilifu ziphelela ekubeni zizitena, iindlela zoyilo eziqhubeka zisebenza ngaphandle kwe-intanethi, novavanyo olulula onokuluqhuba phambi kokuba uthenge.

Kutheni izixhobo ezixhomekeke kwilifu ziphelela ekubeni zizitena

Iimveliso ezininzi ezikrelekrele zibeka ukucinga kwenye indawo. Iqhosha elisedongeni aligqibi nto; lithumela umyalezo kwiseva, iseva igqibe, ize impendulo ibuye nge-intanethi. Olo hambo lokuya nokubuya alubonakali xa yonke into isebenza. Luvela lucace kanye ngomzuzu wokunqamka konxibelelwano.

EMzantsi Afrika olo nxibelelwano lunqamka rhoqo. Ukucinywa kombane kuthatha i-router nebhokisi ye-fibre kunye. Idatha yeselfowuni iyaphela okanye icothe kakhulu. Iseva yomthengisi ixakwa ngumthwalo, okanye inkampani iyekise ngokuthe cwaka loo mveliso ize icime inkonzo engasemva kwayo. Xa nayiphi na kwezo zinto isenzeka, iswitshi yesibane efuna ilifu ukuze ivule ibhalbhu ekwakulo donga lunye iyayeka ukusebenza. I-hardware iphilile. Kuphela nje ingqondo yayo ihlala kude kakhulu.

Eyona meko imbi yileyo icothayo. Isixhobo sinokusebenza kakuhle iminyaka emibini size siguquke sibe yinkunkuma yombane ngemini umenzi waso agqiba ngayo ukuba inkonzo yelifu ayisafanelekanga ukuqhutywa. Wathenga imveliso; kanti wawuqeshe ukuxhomekeka.

Ithetha ntoni ngokwenene into yendawo-kuqala

Indawo-kuqala ayichasene ne-intanethi. Imalunga nendawo apho zenzeka khona izigqibo ezibalulekileyo. Kuyilo lwendawo-kuqala isangqa solawulo esisisiseko siqhuba kwisixhobo ngokwaso, okanye kwiziko elincinci elihleli kwinethiwekhi yakho. Ilifu libekelwa imisebenzi eyifuna ngokwenene ihlabathi elingaphandle: ukufikelela kwisixhobo xa ungekho ekhaya, ukugcina imbali yexesha elide, ukuhambisa uhlaziyo lwesoftware, nokwabelana ngokufikelela nabanye abantu.

Yicinge njengemaleko ezintathu. Ingqiqo esesixhobeni yenza umsebenzi wangoko. Ulungelelwaniso lwenethiwekhi yendawo lwenza ifowuni yakho ithethe nesixhobo nge-Wi-Fi ngaphandle kokuphuma endlwini. Ukuvumelanisa nelifu, okukhethwayo, kwenza yonke enye into, yaye kuphela xa uqhagamshelwano lukho. Khupha umaleko ophezulu ize emibini engezantsi iqhubeke.

Iindlela zoyilo eziqhubeka zisebenza ngaphandle kwe-intanethi

Akufuneki uyile i-hardware ukuze ubone imikhwa emihle. Iindlela ezimbalwa zoyilo zahlula izixhobo eziphila kunqamko lombane kwezo zingaphiliyo.

• Isangqa solawulo lwendawo. Oko kufundwa ziisensor nezigqibo ezikuvusayo kwenzeka kwi-microcontroller, hayi kwiseva. I-thermostat ibamba ushedyuli wayo; iswitshi iyaswitsha.
• Iziko lenethiwekhi yendawo. Isixhobo esincinci esihlala sivuliwe silungelelanisa ezinye kwi-LAN yakho, ukuze imiyalelo esuka kwifowuni isiya kwisixhobo ingaze iphume kule ndawo yakho.
• Ukuvumelanisa ekugqibeleni, hayi idatha elahlekileyo. Xa singekho kwi-intanethi, isixhobo sigcina oko sikufundileyo size sikulayishe xa uqhagamshelwano lubuya, endaweni yokukulahla phantsi.
• Ukwehla ngokuthozamileyo. Isixhobo sinesimo sokuziphatha esichaziweyo xa singekho kwi-intanethi: sibambe imeko yokugqibela esiyaziyo, siqhube ushedyuli osisiseko okhuselekileyo, okanye sibhekise kwindawo ekhuselekileyo xa sisilela. Asenzi nje ukudanyaza kwempazamo size sinikezele.
• Iimpawu zokungena zendawo. Usenako ukungena uze ucwangcise isixhobo kwinethiwekhi yakho ngaphandle kokuba iseva yeakhawunti yomthengisi ifikeleleke.

Uvavanyo lokusebenza ngaphandle kwe-intanethi

Uninzi lwale nto unokulugweba ngobusuku bokuqala, phambi kokuba livalwe ithuba lokubuyisa. Cwangcisa isixhobo, uze usisebenzise ngabom kungekho i-intanethi.

1. Cima i-router, okanye uvale idatha yeselfowuni, uze usebenzise umsebenzi ophambili. Ngaba iswitshi isaswitsha kwaye i-sensor isasabela?
2. Vula kwakhona isixhobo i-intanethi isavaliwe. Ngaba sibuyela kwimeko esebenzayo ngokwaso, okanye siyaxinga silinde ukufowunela ekhaya?
3. Vula i-app kwakwi-Wi-Fi enye kungekho i-intanethi kwaphela. Ngaba iyakwazi ukusifumana nokusilawula isixhobo ngaphakathi kwindawo yakho?
4. Buza umthengisi umbuzo omnye ongqalileyo: kwenzeka ntoni kule hardware ukuba uyayicima le nkonzo? Impendulo enokuzithemba ngokuqhelekileyo ithetha ukuba ikho indlela yokuqhubeka esebenza kule ndawo.
5. Khangela iiprothokholi ezivulekileyo ezifana neMatter, iZigbee, okanye i-MQTT esiya kwibroker yakho. Imigangatho oyilawulayo ngumahluko phakathi kokutshintsha ii-app kamva nokuthenga yonke into kwakhona.

Ukuba isixhobo siyasilela kumanyathelo amabini okuqala, asisosixhobo esikrelekrele. Sisilawuli sasemgama seseva yomnye umntu.

Ukufundisa ingqondo yendawo-kuqala

Le ngqiqo ilula ukuyakha kwasebuncinaneni. Abantwana abafunda ukubhala ikhowudi kwi-hardware eqhuba inkqubo kwibhodi ngokwayo bakhula belindele ukuba isixhobo sibe nengqiqo yaso. Xa ikhowudi ihlala kwitshiphu, iprojekthi yesibane ne-sensor iqhubeka isebenza nokuba ikho okanye ayikho i-Wi-Fi egumbini, kwaye umfundi uyabona kanye ukuba isigqibo senziwa phi.

Yiloo modeli esetyenziswa yibhodi yethu sheenbot∞: inkqubo iqhutywa kwi-microcontroller, ngoko iprojekthi iziphatha ngendlela efanayo kwinethiwekhi yasekhaya, esikolweni, okanye etafileni kungekho luqhagamshelwano kwaphela. Yindlela esebenzayo yokubonisa ukuba "ukukrelekrela" akufuneki kuthethe "ukuba kwi-intanethi". Ukuba ufuna ukubona indlela esikufundisa ngayo, i-akhademi yethu yakha ezi projekthi inyathelo nenyathelo, ungabhukisha iklasi yovavanyo, kwaye iibhodi neekhithi zifumaneka evenkileni.

Isishwankathelo

Ilifu liluncedo kufikelelo lwasemgama, kwimbali, nakuhlaziyo. Yindawo embi yokugcina ukukwazi okusisiseko kwesixhobo ukusebenza. Khetha iimveliso apho isangqa esisisiseko siqhuba kule ndawo, apho idatha igcinwa ize ivumelaniswe kunokuba ilahlwe, nalapho iiprothokholi ezivulekileyo zikukhusela ekutshixelweni kwinkampani enye. Emva koko chitha ubusuku obunye uqhuba uvavanyo lokusebenza ngaphandle kwe-intanethi. Izixhobo eziludlulayo zezo zisasebenzayo kwixesha elizayo xa kucima umbane.

Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo

Ngaba indawo-kuqala ithetha ukuba ndilahlekelwa kukufikelela ndikude?

Hayi. Indawo-kuqala igcina umsebenzi ophambili usebenza ngaphandle kwe-intanethi, kodwa isixhobo sisenako ukunikela ngokufikelela usemgama njengento eyongezelelweyo ekhethwayo. Umahluko kukuba ukulahlekelwa yiloo nto eyongezelelweyo akusinqandi isixhobo ekwenzeni umsebenzi waso ophambili.

Ngaba ilifu lisoloko lulukhetho olungalunganga?

Hayi. Iinkonzo zelifu sisixhobo esifanelekileyo sembali yexesha elide, sohlaziyo olusasazwa ngomoya, nokufikelela kwisixhobo xa ungekho. Umthetho kukusebenzisa ilifu koko kufuna ihlabathi elingaphandle, hayi kwizigqibo isixhobo esinokuzenza ngokwaso.

Lusebenza njani uhlaziyo lwesoftware ukuba isixhobo asikho kwi-intanethi?

Uyilo olulungileyo lukhuphela uhlaziyo xa uqhagamshelwano lukho luze lulusebenzise apha endaweni, kunokuba kufuneke lube kwi-intanethi ngexesha lokuqhuba kwalo. Amaxesha okungabikho kwi-intanethi ayalulibazisa uhlaziyo; akufanele avale isixhobo.