Indlela yokubeka iliso kwifama engenambane wegridi nengenafayibha
Ukuze ubeke iliso kwifama ekude ngaphandle kombane wegridi okanye ifayibha, kufuneka uqale uyile ususela kwibhajethi yamandla usiya emva, usebenzisa i-telemetry ye-LoRaWAN esebenzisa amandla amancinci endaweni ye-WiFi okanye yeselifowuni etya amandla.
Ukuze ubeke iliso kwifama engenambane wegridi nengenafayibha, kufuneka uyilahle ingqondo yabathengi yokusebenzisa iisensa ezixhomekeke kwi-WiFi okanye kwinethiwekhi yeselifowuni. Endaweni yoko, isisombululo sikwakhiweni lwenethiwekhi yakho yommandla obanzi esebenzisa amandla amancinci (LPWAN) ngobuchwepheshe be-LoRaWAN, eqhutywa ziinodi eziyilwe ziqala kwibhajethi yamandla zisiya emva.
Inkqubo yokubeka iliso ekude ephumelelayo ayiqali ngokukhetha iisensa; iqala ngokubala ukuba zingaphi iimilliwatt zamandla onokuzivuna uze uzigcine, nokuba loo mandla anokusithwala isiya kude kangakanani isignali yerediyo. Ngokudibanisa isango elinye elisebenza ngamandla elanga neenodi zeesensa ezisebenzisa amandla asezantsi kakhulu, unokubeka iliso kubumanzi bomhlaba, kumasango okhuseleko, kumanqanaba amanzi nakwiipatheni zemozulu kumawaka eehektare ngaphandle kwesentimitha esinye socingo lobhedu okanye unxibelelwano nombane wesixeko.
Ibhajethi yamandla: kutheni i-WiFi neselifowuni zisilela efama
Ukuze siqonde ukuba kutheni ubuchwepheshe bakudala obungenazintambo busilela kwiindawo zolimo, kufuneka sijonge ifiziksi yokuthunyelwa kwemvamiso yerediyo (RF) kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla ziimicrocontroller ezahlukeneyo. Uqhagamshelo lwe-WiFi oluqhelekileyo lwenzelwe ukuthumela idatha eninzi kumgama omfutshane. Ukuze lugcinwe olu qhagamshelo, itshiphu ye-WiFi kufuneka ihlale isebenza, itsala phakathi kwe-100mA ne-240mA yombane kwi-3.3V. Nokuba iprogramwe ukuba ilale ivuke kuphela xa iza kuthumela, inkqubo yokukhangela indawo yokungena, ukuzibandakanya nayo, ukuxoxa ngedilesi ye-IP nge-DHCP, nokuthumela idatha ithatha phakathi kwemizuzwana emibini nemihlanu. Ukwenza oku izihlandlo ezininzi ngosuku kuya kuyiphelisa ibhetri eqhelekileyo ye-lithium-ion ye-2500mAh 18650 kwiiveki nje ezimbalwa.
Iinethiwekhi zeselifowuni (kuquka i-NB-IoT ne-LTE-M) zinika umgama ongcono kodwa zinezohlwayo zamandla ezifanayo. I-modem yeselifowuni kufuneka ixoxe nesikhululo esisiseko, into enokuthatha imizuzwana elishumi yokuthumela ngamandla aphezulu (idla ngokufikelela ngaphezu kwe-200mA). Ngaphezu koko, eMzantsi Afrika, iinethiwekhi zeselifowuni zisengozini enkulu yokucinywa kombane. Ngexesha leNqanaba 4 nangaphezulu, iinqaba zeselifowuni zasekuhlaleni zidla ngokuphelelwa ngumbane xa iibhetri zazo zokugcina ziphelile, zishiya iisensa zakho zingaqhagamshelekanga kanye ngexesha ozidinga ngalo kakhulu.
Enye indlela: i-LoRaWAN
I-LoRa (Long Range) isebenza kwiimvamiso zerediyo ezingaphantsi kwe-gigahertz (i-868 MHz eMzantsi Afrika). Isebenzisa i-chirp spread spectrum modulation, evumela ukuba iisignali zifundeke nokuba zingaphantsi komgangatho wengxolo. Oku kunika i-LoRa iinzuzo ezimbini ezinkulu kulimo:
- Umgama omde ngokugqithisileyo: Isango elinye elifakwe kwindawo ephakamileyo (njengesilo okanye inqaba yamanzi) linokuzifumana ngokulula iisignali ezivela kwiinodi ezikude ngeekhilomitha eziyi-15 xa kungekho nto ithintelayo phakathi kwazo.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuncinci kakhulu: Ngenxa yokuba iinodi ze-LoRaWAN zingafuni ukugcina uqhagamshelo oluqhubekayo nesango, zinokuhlala kubuthongo obunzulu zitsala ngaphantsi kweemicroamp ezi-5 (µA). Xa zivuka, zithumela umthwalo wazo ngaphantsi kwemilliseconds eziyi-100 zize zibuyele ebuthongweni ngoko nangoko.
Izibalo zamaxesha okuthatha imilinganiso
Ubomi benodi yesensa esebenza ngebhetri buxhomekeke ngokuthe ngqo kwinani lamaxesha ethumela ngawo idatha. Ekubekweni kweliso kwifama, idatha yangoko nangoko ayifuneki kangako. Ubumanzi bomhlaba abutshintshi kakhulu kwimizuzu elishumi; idama lamanzi aliphelelwa ngamanzi kwimizuzu emihlanu. Ngokulungisa ixesha lokuthatha imilinganiso, unokubolula ubomi bebhetri yenodi ukusuka kwiinyanga ukuya kwiminyaka.
Itheyibhile engezantsi ibonisa unxulumano phakathi kwesihlandlo sokuthatha imilinganiso, umyinge wamandla atsalwayo, kunye nobomi bebhetri obulindelekileyo xa kusetyenziswa ibhetri eqhelekileyo engatshajwa kwakhona ye-3.6V Li-SOCl2 (umthamo we-8500mAh) phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza:
| Ixesha lokuthatha imilinganiso | Ukuthumela ngosuku | Ubomi bebhetri obuqikelelwayo | Ifaneleka kakhulu kweyiphi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rhoqo ngemizuzu emi-5 | 288 | Iinyanga ezi-8 ukuya kwezili-12 | Amasango okhuseleko abalulekileyo, imibhobho yoxinzelelo |
| Rhoqo ngemizuzu engama-30 | 48 | Iminyaka emi-4 ukuya kwemi-5 | Izikhongozeli zamanzi zemfuyo, izikhululo zemozulu |
| Rhoqo ngeeyure ezi-2 | 12 | Iminyaka eyi-8+ (umda wokuzikhupha kwamandla) | Ubumanzi bomhlaba, iibhorihole ezinzulu |
Kwiinodi ezifuna ukuthatha imilinganiso rhoqo okanye iisensa ezitya amandla (njengeesensa ze-optical dissolved oxygen okanye iisensa ze-ultrasonic zenqanaba lamanzi), iphaneli yelanga encinci ye-1W edityaniswe nebhetri enye ye-3.2V LiFePO4 yanele ukugcina inodi isebenza ngokungapheliyo, ukuba nje ihardware yenzelwe ukunqumla umbane osiya kwisensa xa ingasetyenziswa.
Imeko yaseMzantsi Afrika: ukuzimela kwigridi nokuzinza kwesango
Nangona iinodi zeesensa zisebenza ngeebhetri ezincinci, intliziyo yenethiwekhi yakho lisango le-LoRaWAN. Isango lifumana iisignali zerediyo ezivela kuzo zonke iinodi zakho lize lizidlulisele kwi-intanethi. Ngenxa yokuba isango kufuneka limamele ngaphandle kokuyeka, alinakulala. Isango eliqhelekileyo langaphandle litsala phakathi kwe-3W ne-5W yamandla angapheliyo.
EMzantsi Afrika, awunakuthembela kwigridi ukuze inike amandla eli sango, kwaye awunakuthembela kwiinqaba zeselifowuni zasekuhlaleni ukuba zidlulise idatha ngexesha lokucinywa kombane okuthatha ixesha elide. Ukwakha inkqubo eqinileyo, isango kufuneka libekwe kwindawo enye nesixhobo esinika amandla elanga kunye nonxibelelwano lwe-backhaul oluqinileyo. Iphaneli yelanga ye-50W edityaniswe nebhetri ye-12V 18Ah LiFePO4 iya kugcina isango le-5W lisebenza iiyure ezingama-24 zosuku kuyo yonke iveki, nokuba kudlula iintsuku ezintathu zilandelelana zemozulu esibekele kakhulu.
Kwi-backhaul (ukuthumela idatha isuka esangweni isiya kwifowuni okanye kwikhompyutha yakho), ukuba ifayibha ayifumaneki, unxibelelwano lwesathelayithi olunjenge-Starlink okanye unxibelelwano olungenazintambo lwe-point-to-point olujoliswe ngqo kwaye lunamandla lusiya kwidolophu ekufuphi enolwakhiwo olusebenzayo lolona khetho luthembekileyo. Ngenxa yokuba isango lihlanganisa idatha evela kumakhulu eesensa liyenze umsinga omncinci wedatha, nokuba unxibelelwano lwesathelayithi lunebhandiwidth ephantsi nokulibaziseka okuphezulu, luyanela ngokugqithisileyo.
Ukumisela inkqubo yakho
Ukuyila ezi nkqubo kufuna ukudityaniswa ngobunono kweenterfeyisi zeesensa (njenge-SDI-12, i-RS-485 Modbus, okanye i-analog 4-20mA) neemicrocontroller ezisebenzisa amandla amancinci. Kwiifama ezifuna ukumisela i-telemetry eqinileyo engaxhomekekanga kwigridi ngaphandle kobunzima bokwakha ihardware ukususela ekuqaleni, iqela lethu kwi-Sheen Farming Solutions linikezela ngamasango e-LoRaWAN asele emiselwe, alungele ilanga, kunye neenodi zeesensa ezenzelwe iimeko zaseMzantsi Afrika.
Ngokushenxisa uyilo lwakho kwiiprothokholi zabathengi ezifuna ibhandiwidth ephezulu namandla amaninzi uze wamkele uyilo lwe-LPWAN olusebenzisa amandla amancinci ngengqeqesho, unokuyibona ngokupheleleyo yonke impahla yakho yolimo ekude ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kuEskom okanye kubaqhubi bonxibelelwano borhwebo.
