Eyona khithi yerobhothiki ilungileyo yomntwana oneminyaka esibhozo yileyo anokuyakha ngaphandle kwentsimbi yokutshisa, ayiprograme ngokutsala iibhloko, aze aqhubeke eyisebenzisa iminyaka emibini okanye emithathu njengoko izakhono zakhe zikhula. Kule minyaka injongo ayisiyo irobhothi ekhawulezayo. Ngumatshini umntwana anokuwuqonda, awutshintshe, awulungise yedwa. Oko kukwalathisa kwiinxalenye ezikhulu, kwiisenza ezicacileyo, nakwisoftwe exolelayo endaweni yamandla emoto akrwada okanye inani elikhulu leenxalenye.

Apha ngezantsi kukho oko kubalulekileyo ngokwenene xa uthenga, kunye neempazamo ezichitha imali ngokuthe cwaka.

Oko umntwana oneminyaka esibhozo anokukwazi ukukwenza ngokwenene

Izakhono zeentshukumo ezicokisekileyo zisakhula kwiminyaka esibhozo. Izikrufu ezincinane, iintambo ze-jumper ezingagqunywanga, kunye neebredibhodi zikhokelela ekukhathazekeni nasekuyekeni. Ukufunda kuyenzeka, kodwa incwadi yesikhokelo exineneyo eneephepha ezingama-60 ayenzeki. Ingqwalasela ihlala malunga nemizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwengama-45, ekumalunga neseshoni enye egxileyo yokwakha nokuvavanya.

Isifundo esisebenzayo: ikhithi elungileyo kule minyaka inika impendulo ekhawulezayo. Isibane, isandi, okanye intshukumo kwiseshoni yokuqala kugcina umntwana enomdla. Ukuba umvuzo weyure yomsebenzi yirobhothi ehleli nje ingenzi nto, uninzi lwabantwana abaneminyaka esibhozo luyayeka.

Izinto ezintandathu omele uzikhangele

Sebenzisa oku njengoluhlu lokujonga ngelixa uthelekisa iikhithi, nokuba yeyiphi na ibhrendi:

• Akukho kutshiswa ngetsoldarhu, akukho ntambo zingagqunywanga. Iinxalenye kufuneka zibambane okanye zikrutyelwe kunye, kwaye iintambo kufuneka zibe neeplagi ezinesitshixo ezingena ngendlela enye kuphela.
• Ukubhala ikhowudi ngeebhloko. Umhleli wokutsala-uwise ohambelana neScratch okanye iBlockly uhambelana nendlela abantwana bale minyaka abacinga ngayo. Iilwimi zombhalo ziza kamva.
• Izidibanisi ezikhulu, ezixolelayo. Iiphotho ezinkulu ziyaphila naxa ziphathwa kabuhlungu naxa kuqashelwe kubi. Iiheda ezincinci ezibuthathaka ziyagoba ziphuke.
• Iisenza ezininzi kunamavili. Irobhothi eliva ihlabathi inomdla ngaphezu kakhulu kwaleyo ihambayo kuphela.
• Isebenza ngebhetri kwaye iyatshajwa kwakhona. Iluncedo ngexesha le-load shedding, kwaye akukho ntambo yombane omkhulu yokukhubeka kuyo phantsi kwigumbi lokuphumla.
• Indlela yokukhula ecacileyo. Ihardware efanayo kufuneka isaluncedo xa umntwana wakho sele elungele ilojiki enzima ngakumbi, ekugqibeleni nekhowudi yombhalo encinci.

Kutheni iisenza zisoyisa amavili

Lo ngumlinganiselo abazali abadla ngokuwuphosa. Ikhithi ethengiswa ngesantya nangamavili amakhulu yenza imoto elawulwa ngesixhobo sasekude. Iyonwabisa emva kwemini enye, kodwa akukho nto ingako yokuyiprograma nokuyifunda. Ikhithi eneesenza ifundisa unobangela nesiphumo, eyona njongo yokwenene yerobhothiki kule minyaka.

Khangela isenza lomgama, isenza lokulandela umgca, kunye nento esabela ekukhanyeni okanye kwisandi. Ngazo, umntwana angakha ilojiki elula ethi ukuba yile, ngoko yileya: yima phambi kokuba ungqubeke eludongeni, landela umgca omnyama, jika xa kumnyama. Oko kukuprograma kwasekuqaleni, kwaye kubamba ingqwalasela kuba irobhothi isabela kwigumbi lokwenene elijikeleze yona.

Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokuchitha imali

Ezinye zeekhithi ezibiza kakhulu zezona zingamfanelanga umntwana oneminyaka esibhozo. Zilumkele ezi:

• Amakhulu eziqwenga ezincinane. Iikhithi ezijoliswe kubantwana abakwishumi elivisayo okanye kubantu abadala zikhangeleka zimangalisa ebhokisini kodwa zimoyisa umntwana omncinci.
• Izinto zokudlala ezisebenza nge-app kuphela. Irobhothi eyenza iqhinga elinye elibhalelwe kwangaphambili engenakuphinda iprogramwe yinto yokudlala, ayiyokhithi. Ubutsha bayo buphela ngeveki.
• Nantoni na efuna ukutshiswa ngetsoldarhu okanye ukufakwa kweentambo kwibredibhodi ngoku. Zigcinele iminyaka elishumi elinanye okanye elishumi elinesibini.
• Ipakethi enkulu kunazo zonke ethengwa kuqala. Musa ukuthenga iseti enkulu kakhulu phambi kokuba wazi ukuba umntwana wakho uyanamathela kuyo. Qala ngokuncinci wongeze kamva.
• Iikhithi zomdyarho okanye zomlo kuphela. Ziyakhazimla, azinzulu, kwaye ziyadika kamsinya emva kokuba ugqityiwe umdyarho.

Indlela yokukhula, ukusuka kwiibhloko ukuya kumbhalo

Isizathu sokucinga iminyaka embalwa phambili yimali. Ukuthenga iqonga elinye elikhula nomntwana wakho kutshiphu kunokutshintsha ikhithi minyaka le. Indlela enengqiqo ikhangeleka ngolu hlobo: kunyaka wokuqala, ukubhala ikhowudi ngeebhloko neesenza ezilula; kowesibini, iisenza ezingakumbi nelojiki enamanyathelo amaninzi; kowesithathu, intshayelelo kulwimi lombhalo olunjengePython kwibhodi enye. Ukuba ihardware oyithengayo kwiminyaka esibhozo ayinakukwenza oko, uya kuphinda uthenge kwiminyaka elishumi.

Unokuvavanya ukuba icala lokubhala ikhowudi liyamlungela na phambi kokuba uchithe nayiphi na imali. Isilinganiseli sebhrawuza sivumela umntwana ukuba abhale ikhowudi yerobhothi yokwenene ngaphandle kwekhithi konke konke, ngoko ufunda kuqala ukuba uyakonwabela na. Isilinganiseli sethu samahla sise-verse-try, kwaye siqhuba ukubhala ikhowudi ngeebhloko okufanayo nokuya obekuya kusetyenziswa yikhithi ephathekayo.

Apho iikhithi ze-sheen zingena khona

Kwimilinganiselo engentla, eyethu impendulo yibhodi ye-sheenbot∞, esayiyilela kanye eli qela leminyaka: ukubhala ikhowudi ngeebhloko, izidibanisi ezikhulu ezinesitshixo, uluhlu lweesenza, kunye nendlela eya kwiPython kamva kwihardware enye. Ukuba ungathanda ukubona umntwana eyizama phambi kokuba uthenge, iklasi enye yovavanyo kwi-akhademi yethu yaseKapa yindlela enexabiso eliphantsi yokujonga ukuba iyamlungela na, kwaye iikhithi ziyafumaneka kwivenkile xa sele usazi ukuba iyamfanela. Akukho nanye kwezo zinto efunekayo ukuze usebenzise iingcebiso ezilapha. Uluhlu lokujonga lusebenza nakuyiphi na ibhrendi oyithandayo.

Uluhlu olukhawulezayo lokujonga xa uthenga

Phambi kokuba uhlawule, qinisekisa ukuba ikhithi iyazifezekisa ezi zinto:

1. Akukho kutshiswa ngetsoldarhu kwaye akukho ntambo zikhululekileyo zingagqunywanga.
2. Ukubhala ikhowudi ngeebhloko, ngokufanelekileyo kunendlela yasimahla yokuzama isoftwe kuqala.
3. Ubuncinane iisenza ezimbini okanye ezintathu, hayi nje iimoto namavili.
4. Amandla ebhetri etshajwa kwakhona.
5. Indlela ebhaliweyo esuka kwiibhloko iye kwikhowudi yombhalo kwibhodi enye.

Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo

Ndimele ndibekele bucala malini ngeerandi?

Qala ngekhithi yokungena endaweni yepakethi enkulu kunazo zonke, uze ubekele bucala malunga ne-10 ukuya kwi-15 ekhulwini yexabiso lekhithi ngenxa yeenxalenye zokongeza nebhetri yesibini. Unokusoloko wongeza iimojuli xa sele usazi ukuba umntwana wakho uzinikele.

Ngaba iminyaka esibhozo mincinci kakhulu, okanye mikhulu kakhulu, kwikhithi yokuqala?

Iminyaka esibhozo yindawo elungileyo yokuqala kubhalo lwekhowudi ngeebhloko nakwiisenza. Umntwana oneminyaka emithandathu okanye esixhenxe onethemba angaqala enoncedo olungakumbi lomzali; oneminyaka elishumi angahamba ngokukhawuleza kwikhithi enye aze afikelele kwikhowudi yombhalo kwangethuba.

Ngaba oku kuya kuba lixesha elingakumbi nje lokujonga iskrini?

Irobhothiki lixesha lokujonga iskrini elinesiphumo esiphathekayo. Umntwana ubhala ikhowudi kwiskrini, aze abukele irobhothi yokwenene ithobela okanye iziphathe kakubi, aze ayilungise. Ukwakha, ukuvavanya nokulungisa iimpazamo kwenzeka ngaphandle kweskrini, kwaye leyo yinxalenye enamathelayo.