INguquko Yezimboni Yesine, noma i-4IR, ingomunye wemishwana esetshenziswa ngokweqile kunayo yonke emfundweni yaseNingizimu Afrika njengamanje. Uhulumeni, amanyuvesi nezinkampani zobuchwepheshe konke kuyayibamba, okwenza kube nzima ukwazi ukuthi umfundi kufanele enzeni ngempela ngayo. Ngaphansi kokukhangisa isho into ephathekayo: imisebenzi ejwayelekile kuzo zonke izimboni seyenziwa yisofthiwe, ama-sensor nemishini, kanti umsebenzi osala kubantu usugxile kakhulu ekuqondiseni, ekwakheni nasekunakekeleni lezo zinhlelo. Kumfundi lokho kwehla kube uhlu olufushane lwamakhono angafundeka nezindlela ezimbalwa ezingokoqobo asukela kuzo esikoleni.

I-4IR ngaphandle kwegama lokukhangisa

I-4IR akusona isenzakalo esisodwa noma ubuchwepheshe obubodwa obusha. Yigama lalokho okwenzekayo lapho ama-sensor ashibhile, uxhumano olusheshayo, ukusebenzisa amakhompyutha efwini nokufunda kwemishini kubekwa phezu kwezimboni ezivele zikhona. ENingizimu Afrika akuvamile ukubukeka njengendaba yesayensi eqanjiwe. Kubukeka njengemayini ehlola umgodi ngedrone, ibhange elivuma isikweletu ngemodeli yokunikeza amaphuzu, noma ipulazi elinquma ukuthi lichelele nini ngokusekelwe ekufundweni komswakama wenhlabathi kunokuba liqagele.

Into ewusizo umfundi angayithatha yile: i-4IR ishintsha imisebenzi engaphakathi komsebenzi kunokuba isuse imisebenzi iyonke ngobusuku obubodwa. Izingxenye ezijwayelekile, eziphindaphindwayo yizo ezenziwa ngokuzenzakalela kuqala. Izingxenye ezisala kubantu yilezo ezidinga ukwahlulela, ukuklama nokutshela imishini ukuthi yenzeni. Yilezo zingxenye okufanele uziqeqeshele.

Amakhono amane akhokha ngempela

Ngemuva kwaleli gama lokukhangisa kunamakhono amane avela ngokuphindaphindiwe ezikhangisweni zemisebenzi zalapha ekhaya. Awuwadingi wonke amane. Ukuba ngcono ngempela kwelilodwa, unolwazi olusebenzayo lwelesibili, kuyisimo esiqinile.

• Ukusebenza ngedatha. Ukufunda, ukuhlanza nokuhumusha izinombolo, bese uzenza isinqumo noma ishadi umuntu angasebenza ngalo. Yilona khono elingasebenza ezindaweni eziningi kunawo wonke amane.
• Ukwenza ngokuzenzakalela. Ukwenza ukuthi isofthiwe noma imishini yenze umsebenzi ophindaphindwayo ngaphandle komuntu owuphindaphindayo. Lokho kusukela kumakhro ye-spreadsheet, kuye kuskripthi esifayilisha ama-invoyisi, kuye kwisilawuli esiqhuba umugqa wokukhiqiza.
• Izinhlelo ezishumekiwe. Indawo lapho i-hardware nekhodi kuhlangana khona: ama-microcontroller, ama-sensor namadivayisi amancane akala noma alawula okuthile emhlabeni ophathekayo. Yilapha okuhlala khona uburobhothi nomsebenzi omningi wezolimo nowamandla.
• Ukuqondisa i-AI. Ukusebenzisa amathuluzi e-AI kahle futhi, okubaluleke nakakhulu, ukuwaqapha: ukubhala isicelo esicacile, ukuhlola umphumela nokwazi ukuthi impendulo ezethembayo inephutha nini. Lokhu ngokushesha sekuba ikhono eliyisisekelo kunokuba libe ubungcweti obukhethekile.

Yiziphi izimboni zalapha ekhaya eziqashela lokhu

Amakhono abalulekile kuphela uma kukhona eduze okhokhela wona. Nali ibalazwe elingatheni elisuka kukhono ngalinye liye kwimikhakha yaseNingizimu Afrika okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi iwasebenzise, nokuthi umsebenzi wansuku zonke uvame ukubukeka kanjani.

Ikhono	Izimboni zaseNingizimu Afrika	Ukuthi umsebenzi ubukeka kanjani
Idatha	Amabhange, umshwalense, ukudayisa, ezokuxhumana	Ukuhlanza amarekhodi axakene, ukwakha amadeshibhodi, ukubona amaphethini entengo noma awobugebengu
Ukwenza ngokuzenzakalela	Ukukhiqiza, ezokuthutha, ezezimayini, amahhovisi angemuva	Ukubhalela izinqubo eziphindaphindwayo amaskripthi, ukulawula imishini, ukuxhuma izinhlelo ebezingakhulumisani
Okushumekiwe	Ezolimo, amandla, ezezimayini, ukukhiqiza	Ukwakha nokunakekela ama-sensor nezilawuli ezisebenza ensimini, imvamisa ngaphandle kukagesi kagridi
Ukuqondisa i-AI	Ezokukhangisa, abezindaba, izinsizakalo zamakhasimende, isofthiwe	Ukubhala uhlaka nge-AI, bese uyahlela, uhlola amaqiniso, ukuhlanganise nomsebenzi wangempela

Kukhona izinto ezimbili ezivelele kulolo hlu. Okokuqala, amakhono okushumekiwe nawokwenza ngokuzenzakalela abaluleke kakhulu ezimbonini iNingizimu Afrika evele ihamba ngazo, njengezimayini, ezolimo namandla, okuwusizo uma ufisa ukwakha umsebenzi lapha kunokuthuthela kwelinye izwe. Okwesibili, ukucishwa kukagesi ngokuthula sekwenze amakhono okushumekiwe nawokwenza ngokuzenzakalela alapha ekhaya abe nenani elikhulu, ngoba amabhizinisi amaningi manje adinga abantu abangagcina ama-sensor, amabhethri nezinhlelo zesipele kusebenza ngesikhathi kucishiwe ugesi.

Kusuka ezifundweni zesikole kuya endleleni ye-4IR

Awukhethi “i-4IR” njengesifundo. Ufinyelela kuyo ngezifundo ezijwayelekile ze-CAPS, ezikhethwe ngenhloso ethile.

• I-Mathematics (isifundo esigcwele, hhayi i-Mathematical Literacy) yiyona valamasango yangempela ezindleleni zedatha nezi-AI nakwiziqu eziningi zobunjiniyela. Uma umfundi ebheke uhlangothi lwezobuchwepheshe lwe-4IR, yilesi isifundo esisodwa okungafanele asilahle.
• I-Physical Sciences yisisekelo sezindlela zokushumekiwe nezobunjiniyela, kusukela kwizingxenyekazi zikagesi kuya kuburobhothi.
• I-Information Technology ifundisa ukuhlela kwangempela futhi yiyona ndlela yesikole eqondile kakhulu eya emsebenzini wesofthiwe nowedatha. I-Computer Applications Technology igxile kakhulu ekukwazini ukusebenzisa amadijithali; iwusizo, kodwa ayifani nokufunda ukubhala ikhodi.
• I-Engineering Graphics and Design ifanele abafundi abadonswa yindlela izinto eziphathekayo eziklanywa nezakhiwa ngayo.

Izifundo zivula iminyango, kodwa zodwa zihamba kancane futhi ziyinjulalwazi. Abafundi abaphuma phambili imvamisa yilabo abakha amaphrojekthi amancane ngaphandle kwekilasi, kudekude ngaphambi kwe-matric.

Ungaqala kuphi ungalindanga i-matric

Indlela esheshayo kunazo zonke yokuthola ukuthi umfundi uyawuthanda yini lo msebenzi ukumvumela enze into ecwazimulayo, ehambayo noma ekalayo. Nalu uhlelo lokuqala olufushane, olusebenzayo:

1. Khetha ikhono elilodwa ozolizama kuqala. Izinhlelo ezishumekiwe ziyindawo enhle yokuqala ngoba imiphumela iyaphatheka futhi ibonakala ngaso leso sikhathi.
2. Thola ibhodi elilodwa le-microcontroller nama-sensor ambalwa kunekhithi ebizayo. Ibhodi elifana ne-sheenbot∞ lakhelwe ngqo lolu hlobo lwephrojekthi yokuqala.
3. Yakha amaphrojekthi amancane amathathu: okuthile okufunda i-sensor, okuthile okusabela kuyo, nokuthile okubika umphumela. Lokho kufaka umjikelezo oyinhloko cishe wawo wonke umsebenzi we-4IR.
4. Joyina ikilasi elihleliwe uma ukuzifundisa kubambeka. I-akhademi yethu yokubhala ikhodi neyoburobhothi eKapa iqhuba amakilasi ahlukaniswe ngeminyaka, futhi isifundo sokuzama siyindlela engabophezeli kakhulu yokuhlola amanzi ngaphambi kokuthenga noma yini.

Uma ukhetha ukuzihlanganisela ikhithi yakho yokuqala, isitolo sinamabhodi nezingxenyekazi ezifanele abaqalayo. Akukho kulokhu okudinga ukubiza; ibhodi elilodwa elingabizi kakhulu nentambama ekhululekile kwembula okuningi ngentshisekelo yomfundi kunanoma yiluphi ulwazi olunikezwa ngezinkulumo zemikhakha yemisebenzi.

Umqondo omqoka

I-4IR akulona igama lesikhundla somsebenzi noma isifundo sesikole. Kuwushintsho lokuthi yimiphi imisebenzi eyenziwa ngokuzenzakalela nokuthi yimaphi amakhono abantu asayivelele. Kumfundi waseNingizimu Afrika lolo shintsho lukhomba amakhono amane aphathekayo: idatha, ukwenza ngokuzenzakalela, izinhlelo ezishumekiwe nokuqondisa i-AI. Gcina i-Mathematics egcwele ohlwini lwakho, khetha i-Physical Sciences noma i-Information Technology lapho ungakwazi khona, bese uqala ukwakha amaphrojekthi amancane kusenesikhathi. Igama lokukhangisa lizophela. Umkhuba wokwenza izinto zisebenze awuyikuphela.

Imibuzo evamile

Ingabe ingane yami kudingeka ibe yingcweti kwezibalo?

Cha, kodwa izindlela zezobuchwepheshe zicabangela ukuthi ukhululekile ngesifundo esigcwele se-Mathematics kunese-Mathematical Literacy. Ukuqondisa i-AI nomsebenzi othile oseduze nedatha kubekezelela kakhulu, ngakho umfundi onenkinga nezibalo usenazo izinketho zangempela.

Ingabe ukubhala ikhodi kuwukuphela kwekhono le-4IR elifanele ukuba nalo?

Cha. Ukubhala ikhodi kusiza cishe yonke indawo, kodwa ukwenza ngokuzenzakalela, ukusebenza ngedatha nokuqapha amathuluzi e-AI ngakunye kuzimele. Miningi imisebenzi eseduze ne-4IR ekhokhela kahle enekhodi encane kakhulu ebhalwa ngesandla.

Ingabe umfundi kufanele aye enyuvesi noma aqonde emsebenzini?

Kuncike ekhonweni. Imisebenzi yedatha neyobunjiniyela isafuna iziqu, kanti ukudlala ngezinhlelo ezishumekiwe, ukwenza ngokuzenzakalela nokuqondisa i-AI kuklomelisa iphothifoliyo eqinile yamaphrojekthi angempela, umfundi angaqala ukuyakha esesesikoleni.