Awudingi umsebenzi wokwakha othatha ithemu lonke ukuze ufundise ubuchwepheshe bamarobhothi bangempela. Iphrojekthi ngalinye kulawa ayishumi angezansi lihlanganisa inzwa eyodwa ne-actuator eyodwa, lifundisa umqondo owodwa ocacile, futhi lingena esifundweni esisodwa samaminithi angama-40 kuya kwangama-60. Awukho neyodwa edinga izingxenye ezingandile, futhi ngalinye lize nendlela yokulenza libe lula kumfundi osalwa nakho noma libe nzima kumfundi oqeda kusenesikhathi.

Kungani isifundo esisodwa, umqondo owodwa kusebenza

Amaphrojekthi amakhulu athatha amasonto amaningi azwakala emangalisa, kodwa alahlekelwa yingxenye enkulu yekilasi endleleni. Umfundi ophuthelwa yizifundo ezimbili akaze abambe, futhi umsebenzi wokwakha ongaqedwa awufundisi muntu. Into encane esebenzayo ingcono kunento enkulu esebenza uhhafu.

Amaphrojekthi esifundo esisodwa akulungisa lokhu ngezindlela ezintathu. Wonke umuntu uhamba nento esebenzayo. Ukuxazulula amaphutha kuhlala kunemingcele, ngoba yinzwa eyodwa kuphela ne-actuator eyodwa okungaba nephutha. Futhi iphrojekthi ngalinye lehlukanisa umqondo owodwa, ngakho ungasho ncamashi ukuthi kufundwe ini esikhundleni sokukhomba nje inqwaba yezintambo.

Isimo somsebenzi wamaminithi angama-40 kuya kwangama-60

Cishe wonke amaphrojekthi akulolu hlu alandela isigqi esifanayo. Uma ikilasi lakho selisazi lesi sigqi, ungangenisa inzwa entsha ne-actuator entsha masonto onke ngaphandle kokuphinda ufundise isakhiwo sesifundo.

• Imizuzu emi-5 yokuqala: khombisa into eseqediwe isebenza. Awukho ikhodi, umphumela nje kuphela. Yilokhu okubamba abafundi.
• Imizuzu eyi-10 elandelayo: xhuma inzwa ne-actuator ngezintambo, bese uhlola ngayinye yodwa. Isibani esicwayizayo nenzwa ephrinta inombolo. Akukho okuhlakaniphile okwamanje.
• Imizuzu engama-20 kuya kwangama-25 ephakathi: yakha umqondo wohlelo ngezinyathelo ezincane bese uhlola ngemva kwesinyathelo ngasinye. Inzwa iyafunda, isinqumo siyathathwa, i-actuator iyaphendula.
• Imizuzu eyi-10 elandelayo: yehlukanisa amazinga. Abaqeda ngokushesha bathola inguqulo enzima engezansi; noma ubani obhajwe uthola elula.
• Imizuzu emi-5 yokugcina: pakisha bese kuphendulwa umbuzo owodwa ngokuzwakalayo. Buza ukuthi inzwa yanquma ini nokuthi i-actuator yenzeni ngakho.

Amaphrojekthi ayishumi, imiqondo eyishumi

Umugqa ngamunye uyisifundo esiphelele. Ukuhlanganiswa kwenziwe ngamabomu: okufakwayo okukodwa, okuphumayo okukodwa, umqondo owodwa. Ikholomu yokugcina ikhombisa ukuthi ungabushintsha kanjani ubunzima ngaphandle kokushintsha izingxenye.

Iphrojekthi	Inzwa iya ku-actuator	Umqondo eliwufundisayo	Kulula / kunzima
Isilinganisi sesikhathi sokusabela	inkinobho iya kusikrini nase-buzzer	okuguquguqukayo nokulinganisa isikhathi	Kulula: khanyisa nje i-LED uma kucindezelwa. Kunzima: gcina okungcono kakhulu emizamweni emihlanu.
Isibani sasebusuku esizenzakalelayo	inzwa yokukhanya iya ku-LED	u-if/else onomkhawulo	Kulula: umkhawulo owodwa omisiwe. Kunzima: engeza igebe ukuze singacwayizi kusihlwa.
Isixwayisi sokupaka ngokuhlehla	i-ultrasonic iya ku-buzzer	ukuguqula ibanga libe yizinga lokukhala	Kulula: ukukhala kanye ngaphansi kwama-10 cm. Kunzima: umsindo ongaphezi uma sekusondelene kakhulu.
I-theremin yokukhanya	inzwa yokukhanya iya ku-buzzer	ukulinganisa ububanzi obubodwa kobunye	Kulula: amanothi amathathu amisiwe. Kunzima: isikali somculo esiphelele.
Idayisi le-elekthronikhi	inkinobho iya kusikrini	izinombolo ezingahleliwe	Kulula: khombisa inombolo ku-1 kuya ku-6. Kunzima: dweba amachashazi.
Umlawuli wezibani zomgwaqo	isibali sesikhathi siya kuma-LED amathathu	ukulandelana nezimo	Kulula: iluphu yesikhathi emisiwe. Kunzima: engeza inkinobho yabahamba ngezinyawo.
Isilinganiso se-servo	inzwa yokukhanya noma idayela iya ku-servo	ukulawula ngokulinganayo	Kulula: izindawo ezimbili. Kunzima: ukushwiba okubushelelezi okunemikhawulo emaphethelweni.
Isibali sokunyakaziswa	inzwa yokunyakaza iya kusikrini	ukubala nokuqeda ukuphindaphindeka kwezenzakalo	Kulula: bala noma yikuphi ukunyakaza. Kunzima: shaya indiva ukudikiza okuncane.
Umqagi wombala	inzwa yombala iya kusikrini noma ku-LED	ukwehlukanisa ngokuqhathanisa	Kulula: bomvu noma akubomvu. Kunzima: qamba imibala emine.
Irova eligwema izithiyo	i-ultrasonic iya kuma-motor	iluphu yokuzwa, ukunquma, ukwenza	Kulula: yima odongeni. Kunzima: phenduka bese uyaqhubeka.

Ukuqala kuphi

Uma leli kuyikilasi elisha, qala ngesibani sasebusuku esizenzakalelayo. Yiwona u-if/else ocace kunabo bonke: funda inombolo, uyiqhathanise nomkhawulo, uvule noma uvale okuphumayo. Uma abafundi sebeyethemba leyo phethini, wonke amanye amaphrojekthi ayinguqulo yayo.

Isilinganisi sesikhathi sokusabela yilona ongalithatha uma amandla ekilasi esehla, ngoba lisheshe libe nomncintiswano futhi umqondo wokugcina inani kokuguquguqukayo ubaluleka ngokuzumayo. Futhi irova eligwema izithiyo yilona abafundi abaningi abalikhumbulayo, ngoba yisikhathi sokuqala umshini ubonakala uzinqumela wona. Ngaphakathi kuyiluphu nje yokuzwa, ukunquma, ukwenza ehleli maphakathi nabo bonke ubuchwepheshe bamarobhothi. Emakilasini ethu e-akhademi sakha lezi ebhodini le-sheenbot∞, kodwa noma yiliphi i-microcontroller elinamahedi ezinzwa nawomotho afanayo lizosebenzisa umqondo wohlelo ofanayo.

Yenza uhlu lwezingxenye lube olujwayelekile

Wonke amaphrojekthi alapha asebenza ngezingxenye ezijwayelekile: ama-LED ambalwa nama-resistor, i-buzzer eyodwa, inzwa eyodwa ye-ultrasonic, inzwa yokukhanya, inzwa yombala, i-servo eyodwa, amamotho amancane amabili, izintambo zokuxhuma, nebhodi. Akukho lapha okunzima ukukuthola, futhi akukho okutholakala kumhlinzeki oyedwa kuphela.

Imithetho emibili esebenzayo igcina isethi yekilasi iphila. Thenga okuphindwe kabili kwezinto ezishibhile ezisetshenziswayo, ngoba izintambo zokuxhuma nama-LED yikho okuvame ukona; beka eceleni cishe amaphesenti ayi-10 kuya kwayi-15 entengo yekhithi ukuze uthenge ezokushintsha. Futhi misa isimiso esisodwa. Isethi yekilasi yamakhithi ayishumi afanayo isho ukuthi umdwebo owodwa wokuxhuma izintambo usiza igumbi lonke, futhi ukushintsha phakathi nesifundo kuthatha imizuzwana. Ungakha amakhithi ngezingxenye ezisesitolo, noma usebenzise noma yiziphi izingxenye ezihambisanayo osuvele unazo ekhabetheni.

Ukuwaqhuba ekilasini

Lawa ayishumi asuka esifundweni esisodwa sokuzwa umuzwa aye kuhlelo oluphelele. Iphrojekthi elilodwa lenza isifundo sokuzama esiphelele senganeni esanquma ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bamarobhothi buyayifanele yini. Amaphrojekthi ayishumi agcwalisa ithemu lonke lamakilasi asonto ngesonto, ngalinye linomqondo owodwa. Futhi njengoba amaholide kaDisemba esondela, ukulandelana okufushane kwawo kwenza iwekhishophu yamaholide eqinile, lapho usuku lude ngokwanele ukwakha amabili noma amathathu kusesele nesikhathi sokuwaphula nokuwalungisa.

Okusalayo

Khetha inzwa eyodwa, i-actuator eyodwa, nomqondo owodwa. Yakha inguqulo encane kunazo zonke esebenzayo, bese uyikhuphula noma uyehlise ukuze ifanele umfundi ophambi kwakho. Izifundo eziyishumi ezinjalo zifundisa ubuchwepheshe bamarobhothi bangempela okungaphezu kwephrojekthi elilodwa elingaze liqedwe. Ukuze uthole eminye imibiko yokwakha, qhubeka ubheke igumbi lezindaba.

Alungele iminyaka emingaki?

Amaningi asebenza kusukela cishe eminyakeni eyisishiyagalolunye kuya phezulu. Abafundi abancane benza kahle ngesibani sasebusuku, idayisi nezibani zomgwaqo; irova, isilinganiso se-servo nomqagi wombala kufanele amaqembu amadala noma anesibindi esikhulu. Ikholomu yokwehlukanisa amazinga ikhona ukuze iphrojekthi elilodwa likwazi ukusiza igumbi elinabafundi beminyaka ehlukene.

Kwenzenjani uma iphrojekthi lidlula isikhathi?

Yima endaweni yokuhlola lapho into isebenza khona kunokuma enguqulweni enzima engaqedwanga. Isibani sasebusuku esikhanyayo siyisifundo esiqediwe noma ngabe akekho ofinyelele esinyathelweni sokuvimbela ukucwayiza. Bhala phansi lapho umfundi ngamunye eme khona bese uvumela aqhubeke ngokuzayo, ngoba izingxenye nokuxhunywa kwezintambo akushintshi.