Impendulo emfushane ilula: uma ufundisa abafundi bamabanga aphansi (Amabanga 4 kuya ku-7), thenga i-BBC micro:bit. Ukusebenziseka kwayo ngokushesha uma uyikhipha ebhokisini, izinzwa ezakhelwe ngaphakathi, nomklamo ongephuke kufanelwe yiRandi ngalinye. Kodwa uma ufundisa abafundi bamabanga aphezulu (Amabanga 8 kuya ku-12) noma uqhuba uhlelo lwama-robotics lweminyaka eminingi, i-micro:bit izophelelwa amandla ngonyaka wesibili. Emikhakheni ethuthukile, i-ESP32 iyikhetho elingcono neligcina imali—inqobo nje uma ukwazi ukubhekana nendlela yayo enzima yokufunda.

Ukuqhathanisa kwasekilasini

Ukuze siqonde ukuthi kungani lawa mabhodi amabili efanele izigaba ezehluke ngokuphelele zemfundo, kumele sibheke ukuthi asebenza kanjani ngaphansi kwezingcindezi ezikhethekile zekilasi laseNingizimu Afrika: izabelomali ezincane, amaperiyodi angu-45 wemizuzu, kanye noxhumano olungathembekile.

Lapho i-micro:bit inqoba khona: imizuzu emihlanu yokuqala

Amandla amakhulu e-micro:bit ukuthi umfundi angabhala uhlelo lwakhe lokuqala abone umphumela obonakalayo phakathi kwemizuzu emihlanu evula ibhokisi. Ngenxa yokuthi ibhodi lifaka phakathi imethrikisi ye-LED engu-5x5, izinkinobho ezimbili ezicindezelwayo, i-accelerometer, kanye nesipikha, awudingi ukuxhuma ngisho nengxenye eyodwa yangaphandle ukuze ufundise izisekelo zokufakwayo, okukhiphayo, kanye nelojiki yemibandela.

Kuperiyodi lesikole elingu-45 wemizuzu, lokhu kuyasindisa. Awuchithi imizuzu engu-30 ulungisa izintambo ze-jumper ezixegayo noma ama-breadboard aphukile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isixhumanisi somphetho se-micro:bit siqine kakhulu. Nakuba amazinyo egolide angembozwe engalimala, ibhodi ngokwalo alinawo ama-pin ekhanda avelele angagoba noma aphuke esikhwameni sesikole somfundi.

Ukuhlela i-micro:bit nakho kulula ngendlela efanayo. I-Microsoft MakeCode isebenza iphelele kunoma iyiphi ibhrawuza yewebhu, isebenza ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, futhi ayidingi ukufakwa kwama-driver. Uma isikole sakho sisebenzisa ama-Chromebook noma ama-laptop e-Windows avaliwe lapho abafundi bengakwazi ukufaka isofthiwe khona, i-MakeCode iyalidlula ngokuphelele iphiko le-IT.

Lapho i-micro:bit iphelelwa khona amandla

I-micro:bit iyithuluzi elihle kakhulu lokufundisa, kodwa ingumlawuli ombi wama-robotics. Uma ufuna ukwakha irobhothi elihambayo, uhlangabezana ngokushesha nemikhawulo yayo ebonakalayo:

• Ukuminyana kwama-pin: I-micro:bit inama-pin amathathu kuphela okufakwayo/okukhiphayo enjongo evamile (i-GPIO) afinyeleleka kalula (ama-pin 0, 1, no-2) asebenza namakhilipha engwenya ajwayelekile. Uma ufuna ukuxhuma amamotho amabili nenzwa yebanga ye-ultrasonic, uphelelwa ama-pin. Uphoqeleka ukuthenga isihlangu se-motor driver sangaphandle noma ibhodi le-breakout, okuphindaphinda ngokushesha izindleko zokusetha.
• Izindleko zokwandisa: Ngo-R550+ ngebhodi ngalinye, ukuhlomisa ikilasi labafundi abangu-40 ngama-micro:bit awodwana kuyindleko enkulu yezimali. Uma ufaka i-chassis yerobhothi edingekayo, ama-motor driver, nezinzwa, izindleko zesiteshi ngasinye sokusebenzela zenyukela ngaphezu kuka-R1,500 kalula.

I-ESP32: umgwamanda wamabanga aphezulu

I-ESP32 akulona ithoyizi lokufunda; iyi-microcontroller yezinga lezimboni esetshenziswa kumadivayisi e-IoT ezohwebo. Lokhu kuletha izinzuzo ezinkulu kubafundi bamabanga aphezulu ababhekene namaphrojekthi obunjiniyela angempela:

• Inani lama-pin elingaqhathaniswa: Ngama-pin e-GPIO angaphezu kuka-20 asebenzisekayo, umfundi angalawula amamotho amaningi, afunde ezinzweni eziyishumi nambili, aqhube isikrini se-LCD, kodwa asale enama-pin.
• Amandla e-IoT angempela: I-WiFi esebhodini ivumela abafundi ukwakha amaseva ewebhu angempela, bathumele idatha yezinzwa ku-cloud, noma balawule amarobhothi abo ngekhasi lewebhu lefoni ephathwayo abazenzele lona.
• Intengo maqondana nokusebenza engenakuqhathaniswa: Ngengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu cishe yentengo ye-micro:bit, isikole singathenga amabhodi amathathu e-ESP32 ngentengo ye-micro:bit eyodwa, kusale isabelomali esiningi samamotho asezingeni eliphezulu, ama-chassis, nezinzwa.

Izingqinamba zangempela ze-ESP32

Ngaphambi kokuthi uthenge ibhokisi lamabhodi e-ESP32 ashibhile, kumele wamukele izingqinamba ezingaphazamisa ikilasi:

• Iphupho elibi lama-driver: Amabhodi amaningi e-ESP32 ashibhile asebenzisa ishipsi ye-CH340 ye-USB-to-serial. Ama-laptop e-Windows avamise ukudinga ukufakwa kwe-driver ngesandla ukuze abone lawa mabhodi. Uma ama-laptop esikole sakho evaliwe ngamalungelo okuphatha, isifundo sakho sokuqala sizochithwa nilinde umlawuli we-IT ukuba afake amaphasiwedi.
• Isithiyo se-WiFi yesikole: Nakuba i-ESP32 inayo i-WiFi enamandla, ukuyixhuma kunethiwekhi evamile yesikole kunzima kakhulu. Izikole eziningi zisebenzisa ukuvikeleka kwe-WPA2-Enterprise (okudinga kokubili igama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi), okwaziwa ngokuba yinkimbinkimbi ukukulungisa ku-MicroPython noma ku-C++. Uma ikharikhulamu yakho incike ekuxhumaneni ne-cloud, kungenzeka udinge ukumisa ama-hotspot azimele akhethekile elebhu yakho.
• Ukuba buthakathaka: Amabhodi abathuthukisi e-ESP32 anama-pin ekhanda avelele, abukhali. Uma umfundi ecindezela ibhodi libheke emuva ku-breadboard noma eliphonsa ebhokisini lokugcina elididekile, ama-pin ayagoba, futhi amashipsi enze i-short circuit.

Isinqumo sonyaka wesithathu: yini abasengakwazi ukuyenza?

Uma ubheka intuthuko eminyakeni emithathu, indlela icacile. Ngonyaka wesithathu, umfundi osebenzisa i-micro:bit cishe usekhathele isikrini se-LED esingu-5x5 nokubhala ikhodi ngamabhulokhi. Bafuna ukwakha izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezisebenza emhlabeni wangempela, kodwa bavinjelwa ngokwenyama yi-hardware.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umfundi wonyaka wesithathu osebenzisa i-ESP32 ubhala ikhodi ehlanzekile ye-MicroPython noma ye-C++, wakhe izinhlelo zokuzihambela ngokuzimela, noma agcine amaseva ewebhu asendaweni ukuze alawule amamodeli okuzenzakalela kwasekhaya. I-ESP32 ayinawo umkhawulo; yishipsi efanayo abazoyisebenzisa uma beqhubeka bafunde ubunjiniyela enyuvesi noma bakhe izinkampani zabo ezisafufusa ze-hardware.

Ezikoleni ezifuna amandla amaningi e-ESP32 kodwa ezisaba ukudideka kwama-breadboard nezintambo ezixegayo esifundweni esifushane, sadizayina i-ecosystem ye-Sheen Infinity. Ivala kanye leli gebe, iletha ukwethembeka okuqinile kokuxhuma-udlale kwe-micro:bit ekwakhiweni kwe-ESP32 okusebenza kakhulu, iqinisekise ukuthi i-hardware yakho iyasinda ekilasini kodwa abafundi bebe besenendawo yokukhula.

Isincomo sokugcina

Uma isabelomali sakho sincane, abafundi bakho bengaphansi kweminyaka engu-13, futhi izifundo zakho zimfushane: Thenga i-micro:bit. Ukungabi khona kwezingqinamba kufanelwe yintengo ephakeme.

Uma ufundisa amabanga aphezulu, ulungiselela abafundi ikharikhulamu ye-CAPS Coding and Robotics, noma ufuna ukwakha amarobhothi ayinkimbinkimbi, axhumekile ahlala iminyaka emithathu yentuthuko yekharikhulamu: Thenga i-ESP32. Vele uzilungiselele ukutshala isikhathi ekusetheni i-Thonny nasekuphatheni ukusethwa kwe-hardware kokuqala.