Izikole ezibheka ngale kwe-LEGO ku-robotics imvamisa azikho ezingajabule nge-LEGO uqobo. Zibhekene nesabelomali ngomfundi ngamunye, izindleko zokushintsha izingxenye ezilahlekile, noma ukukhathazeka okuthulile ngokuthi ipulatifomu lizohlala isikhathi esingakanani lithengiswa. Lokhu ukuqhathanisa okuqotho kwemindeni emikhulu emibili ye-robotics yezikole, amakhithi ohlelo lokwakha namapulatifomu agxile ku-electronics, ezintweni ezinquma ngempela i-oda lokuthenga: izindleko ngomfundi ngamunye, izingxenye zokushintsha, ikharikhulamu, ukuqina, kanye nobungozi bokuma isikhathi eside emakethe.

Ngamafuphi

• Amakhithi ohlelo lokwakha afana ne-LEGO Spike Prime ne-VEX IQ aqala ngokushesha futhi amelana nokuphathwa kabi, kodwa abiza kakhulu ngomfundi ngamunye futhi akubophela ezingxenyeni zomthengisi oyedwa.
• Amapulatifomu agxile ku-electronics afana ne-BBC micro:bit ne-Arduino abiza kancane ngomfundi ngamunye futhi afundisa ukuxhuma izintambo nekhodi yangempela, kodwa afuna okwengeziwe kuthisha ngesikhathi sokusetha.
• Inani elinquma izabelomali eziningi izindleko ngomfundi ngamunye kuyo yonke iminyaka emithathu, hhayi intengo ephrintwe ebhokisini elilodwa.
• Ubungozi bokuma isikhathi eside emakethe bukhona ngempela. I-LEGO ike yayiyeka imikhiqizo ye-robotics ngaphambili, ngakho khetha ipulatifomu ozokwazi ukuthenga izingxenye zalo zokushintsha nasesikhathini esiyiminyaka emihlanu.
• Hlala ne-LEGO uma othisha bakho sebeyayazi, izifundo zakho zimfushane, noma abafundi bakho besebancane kakhulu. Bheka kwenye indawo uma isabelomali ngomfundi ngamunye noma indlela eya ekhodini yangempela ibaluleke kakhulu.

Izindlela ezimbili zokwakha irobhothi lasekilasini

Cishe wonke umkhiqizo we-robotics wesikole ungowelinye lamaqembu amabili.

Amakhithi ohlelo lokwakha alengisa konke ohlelweni lokwakha lwepulasitiki. I-LEGO Spike Prime ne-Mindstorms, i-VEX IQ, ne-Fischertechnik konke kusebenza ngale ndlela. Amabhimu, amaphini nezixhumanisi kuyaqhwakelana, ama-motor nama-sensor kuxhunywa ku-hub, kanti izingane ziphrogremela i-hub zisebenzisa ithebhulethi noma i-laptop. Amandla awo ukushesha. Umfundi angasuka ebhokisini lezingxenye aye kwirobhothi elihambayo phakathi kwesifundo esisodwa, kungekho zintambo ezikhululekile futhi kungekho okushiselwayo.

Amapulatifomu agxile ku-electronics aqala ngebhodi elincane elingaphrogremeleka nangezingxenye zangempela. I-BBC micro:bit, i-Arduino, i-Raspberry Pi Pico namanye amabhodi afanayo angena lapha. Uxhuma ama-motor, ama-sensor namalambu kubhodi, kwesinye isikhathi kushasi kwesinye ku-breadboard, bese uliphrogremela ngamabhulokhi noma nge-Python. Amandla awo ubuqotho. Lokho abafundi abakuxhumayo nabakubhalayo kusondelene nalokho unjiniyela akwenzayo ngempela.

Alikho iqembu elingcono kunelinye uma libhekwa lodwa. Ngalinye lingcono emakilasini, kumashejuli nasezinhlosweni ezahlukene.

Izindleko ngomfundi ngamunye, hhayi intengo esebhokisini

Intengo enamathiselwe ekhithini elilodwa yinombolo engalungile ukuyiqhathanisa. Okubalulekile ukuthi kubiza malini ukubeka umfundi oyedwa phambi kwe-hardware esebenzayo, nokuthi lokho kusabalala kanjani eminyakeni embalwa yamakilasi.

Amakhithi ohlelo lokwakha abiza ngaphezulu ngenxa yezingxenye ezibunjiwe kanye nohlelo oluvaliwe. Amakhithi agxile ku-electronics imvamisa ashibhile ngayinye ngoba ibhodi nezingxenye ezimbalwa akudingi uhlelo lokwakha oluphelele oluwazungezile. Kodwa akuvamile ukuthi isikole sithenge ikhithi elilodwa enganeni ngayinye. Iphethini evamile isethi yeklasi yamakhithi acishe abe yishumi asetshenziswa yiklasi labafundi abangamashumi amathathu ngokujikelezisa, okushintsha izibalo emaqenjini omabili.

Uma ubala izindleko ngomfundi ngamunye, sabalalisa izindleko zamakhithi eminyakeni emithathu yabafundi, bese wengeza izingxenye zokushintsha nezinye izimali zesofthiwe noma zeklaudi. Ngaleyo ndlela igebe phakathi kwamaqembu omabili livame ukuba lincane kunalokho intengo esesheluvini ekushoyo, ngoba ikhithi lohlelo lokwakha eliqinile lilahlekelwa yizingxenye ezimbalwa kanti ikhithi le-electronics elishibhile lidinga okushintshwayo okwengeziwe. Yenza lesi sibalo ngobukhulu bamakilasi akho ngaphambi kokunquma.

Izingxenye zokushintsha, ukuphuka nezindleko zokusebenza okungekho ozabelayo

Lonke uhlelo lwe-robotics lunezindleko zokusebenza, futhi yilo mugqa okhohlwa yiningi labathengi bokuqala. Hlelela ukubeka eceleni cishe ingxenye eyodwa kweshumi kuya kwengxenye eyodwa kwezinhlanu yezindleko zamakhithi minyaka yonke ngezokushintsha, kube ngaphezulu ekilasini lamabanga aphansi elimatasa.

Amaqembu amabili ahluleka ngezindlela ezahlukene. Izingxenye zohlelo lokwakha ziqinile, kodwa zincane futhi ziyanyamalala. Ikhebuli elilodwa le-sensor elingekho noma isixhumanisi esikhethekile singamisa ikhithi lonke, kanti ungathenga esokushintsha kumhlinzeki oyedwa kuphela. Izingxenye zamapulatifomu agxile ku-electronics ziphuka kaningi, ngoba intambo ye-jumper noma i-motor eshibhile kulula ukuyilimaza kunebhimu elibunjiwe, kodwa okushintshwayo yizinto ezitholakala kalula ongazithenga kubathengisi abaningi bese uzigcina edrowa. Olunye uhlobo lunokwehluleka okumbalwa okubizayo nokuthatha isikhathi ukukulungisa. Olunye lunokwehluleka okuningi okushibhile nokusheshayo ukukulungisa. Kuqhathanise lokho nokuthi isikole sakho singazithola ngokushesha kangakanani izingxenye, okuthi eNingizimu Afrika kungasho amasonto okuthunyelwa kwengxenye etholakala kumhlinzeki oyedwa.

Ikharikhulamu: uzokufundisani ngempela?

Ikhithi lilungile kuphela njengezifundo ezilizungezile. Zibuze ukuthi ufuna umfundi ahambe ekwazi ukwenzani.

Amakhithi ohlelo lokwakha akhazimula kumakhanizimu nasekucabangeni ngedizayini. Amagiya, amareshiyo, izakhiwo kanye nokuphinda uzame ekwakhiweni okubambekayo yikhaya lawo, kanti ukubhala amakhodi kuhlala kahle phezu kwalokho. Amapulatifomu agxile ku-electronics akhazimula ekuxhumaneni phakathi kwekhodi, ugesi nomhlaba obambekayo. Abafundi bahlangana nokufakwayo nokuphumayo, nama-sensor namazinga anqunyiwe, nomqondo wokuthi iphrogremu ilawula ivolthi yangempela. Womabili angafundisa ama-loop, ama-conditional nama-function kahle kakhulu, futhi womabili ahambisana nemikhakha yokubhala amakhodi ne-robotics izikole ezisethula ngaphansi kwe-CAPS.

Ukuqhubeka kubaluleke njengendawo yokuqala. Hlola ukuthi ipulatifomu olikhethile livumela yini umfundi ukuthi asuke kumabhulokhi aye olimini lwangempela lombhalo kuyona le-hardware, ukuze irobhothi alaziyo lingalahlwa uma ukubhala amakhodi sekukhula. Ipulatifomu eliphelela emabhulokhini lizokubiza ukuthenga okwesibili ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ukuqina nobungozi bokuma isikhathi eside emakethe

Ukuqina kumayelana nekhithi elimelana nekota. Ubungozi bokuma isikhathi eside emakethe bumayelana nepulatifomu elimelana neminyaka eyishumi, futhi yisici izikole ezisibukela phansi kunazo zonke.

Amapulatifomu e-robotics ayayekwa ukukhiqizwa. I-LEGO ike yayiyeka imikhiqizo ye-robotics ngaphambili, ishiya amakilasi ene-hardware angasakwazi ukuyandisa nesofthiwe eyeka kancane kancane ukubuyekezwa. Uma lokho kwenzeka, imali oyitshalile ayiyeki ukusebenza ngobusuku obubodwa, kodwa iyayeka ukukhula, kanti abafundi abasha bathola indlela evalekile. Ngaphambi kokuthi wenze isikole sonke sisebenzise ipulatifomu elilodwa, buza ukuthi umthengisi uzibophezele ukulithengisa isikhathi esingakanani, ukuthi izingxenye zokushintsha zizophila isikhathi eside kunomkhiqizo yini, nokuthi amakhono ayadluliseleka yini uma kudingeka ushintshe. Ibhodi elivulekile, elisetshenziswa kabanzi, linobungozi obuncane balokhu kunomkhiqizo omkhulu womthengisi oyedwa, ngoba nje abantu abaningi bathembele ekutheni lihlale litholakala.

Ukuqhathanisa ndawonye

Ingena kuphi ibhodi eligxile ku-electronics elinjenge-sheenbot

Yilapha i-hardware yethu ihlala khona, ngakho kufunde njengenketho eyodwa phakathi kweziningi kunokuthi kube yisinqumo sokugcina. Ibhodi le-sheenbot infinity lipulatifomu eligxile ku-electronics elakhelwe amakilasi aseNingizimu Afrika, futhi liqonde ngqo kulokhu okudelwayo okushiwo ngenhla: izindleko eziphansi ngomfundi ngamunye, izingxenye zokushintsha ezitholakala kalula ongazigcina edrowa, kanye nebhodi elilodwa elisebenzisa kokubili amabhulokhi ne-MicroPython ukuze abafundi bangaphoqeleki ukuya kwi-hardware entsha uma ukubhala kwabo amakhodi sekukhula. Uma ungathanda ukuvivinya lo mqondo ngaphambi kokuchitha imali, i-simulator yesiphequluli ivumela iklasi lonke ukuthi libhale futhi lisebenzise izinhlelo zangempela lingenayo nhlobo ikhithi, kanti izikole ezikhula zidlule isethi yekilasi zingahamba namakhono afanayo ziye endleleni yomncintiswano we-FTC. Isifundo sokuzama samahhala yindlela enobungozi obuphansi yokubukela abafundi besebenzisa ipulatifomu ngempela ngaphambi kokuthumela i-oda lokuthenga.

Ubani okufanele asaqhubeke athenge i-LEGO

I-LEGO isengukukhetha okuqinile, kanti ukushintsha ngenxa yokushintsha nje kuwukumosha. Hlala nayo uma okuningi kulokhu okulandelayo kuyiqiniso:

• Othisha bakho sebeqeqeshelwe yona futhi banokuzethemba, kanti ukuqeqeshwa kabusha kungabambezela uhlelo.
• Izifundo zakho zimfushane, ngakho ukusetha okusheshayo kohlelo lokwakha kubuyisa isikhathi sangempela sokufundisa.
• Abafundi bakho basebancane, kanti ukuqhwakelanisa izingxenye kuphephe kakhulu futhi akuxaki njengezingxenye ezikhululekile.
• Ugxile kumakhanizimu nakwidizayini kunokugxila ku-electronics nasekubhaleni amakhodi ngombhalo.
• Usunemali enkulu osuyitshale ezingxenyeni, kanti uhlelo lwayo lusahlangabezana nezinhloso zakho.

Inhloso yalokhu kuqhathanisa akukhona ukukususa ku-LEGO. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhetha kwenziwa ngamabomu futhi kubalwe izindleko, kunokuba kube yinto ozithole usungene kuyo nje.

Imibuzo ebuzwa njalo

Ingabe ikhithi le-robotics elishibhile liwukonga okungamanga?

Akunjalo ngokuzenzekelayo. Ikhithi elishibhile eligxile ku-electronics lingabiza kakhulu ezingxenyeni zokushintsha uma izingxenye ziphuka kaningi futhi isikole sakho siphuza ukuoda kabusha, noma lingabiza kancane sekukonke uma okushintshwayo kuyizinto ezitholakala kalula ozigcine eduze. Bala izindleko ngomfundi ngamunye eminyakeni emithathu kufaka phakathi izingxenye zokushintsha, bese impendulo eqotho iphuma ezinombolweni zakho siqu.

Ingabe kuzodingeka siqeqeshe kabusha bonke othisha bethu?

Abanye, kodwa hhayi ngangokwesaba kwakho uma uya kupulatifomu eligcina amabhulokhi njengendawo yokungena. Othisha abanokuzethemba ekubhaleni amakhodi ngamabhulokhi badlulisela lolo lwazi ngqo, futhi bangalifunda i-hardware elisha bekanye neklasi labo lokuqala. Abela ikota eyodwa yokugqagqana lapho amapulatifomu amadala namasha esebenza kanyekanye.

Kuthiwani ngamarobhothi ayekwa ukukhiqizwa?

Khetha amapulatifomu anabasebenzisi abaningi nezingxenye zokushintsha eziphila isikhathi eside kunomkhiqizo. Buza umthengisi ukuthi uzibophezela isikhathi esingakanani ekuthengiseni i-hardware nezingxenye zayo. Ibhodi elivulekile, elisetshenziswa kabanzi, liphephe kunomkhiqizo omkhulu womthengisi oyedwa ngoba abantu abaningi kakhulu bathembele ekutheni lihlale lithengiswa.

Singawaxuba yini amapulatifomu esikoleni esisodwa?

Yebo, futhi izikole eziningi ziyakwenza. Ukuhlukanisa okuvamile ukusebenzisa amakhithi ohlelo lokwakha emabangeni asemancane lapho ukusetha okusheshayo kubaluleke khona kakhulu, bese kuthi ibhodi eligxile ku-electronics lisetshenziswe emabangeni aphezulu lapho ukubhala amakhodi kwangempela nezabelomali ezincishisiwe kuthatha khona izintambo. Yigwema nje ukusebenzisa amapulatifomu angaphezu kwamabili ngasikhathi sinye, ngoba uhlelo ngalunye olwengeziwe luphindaphinda uqeqesho nezingxenye zokushintsha.

Singakuzama kanjani ngaphambi kokuzibophezela ngesabelomali?

Sebenzisa i-simulator noma isifundo sokuzama ngaphambi kokuthenga i-hardware yesikole sonke. Ukusebenzisa iphrogremu yangempela kusiphequluli, noma ukubukela iklasi elilodwa lisebenzisa ikhithi ntambama yonke, kukutshela okwengeziwe ngokufaneleka kunanoma yiliphi iphepha lemininingwane. Yibe usuthumela i-oda lokuthenga.