Ungazisebenzisa izinzwa ze-ultrasonic ezishibhile ukuqapha amathangi e-JoJo, noma ziyagqwala?
Izinzwa ezijwayelekile ze-HC-SR04 zifa emasontweni ambalwa ngaphakathi kwethangi lamanzi elivaliwe ngenxa yokujiya komswakama nezihlungo ze-piezo ezingavalekile. Nakhu ukuthi kungani zigqwala nokuthi yiliphi ihadiwe elisinda ngempela.
Impendulo emfushane ithi cha: amamojula ajwayelekile e-ultrasonic e-HC-SR04 anobuso obuvulekile ngeke asinde ngaphakathi kwethangi le-JoJo. Nakuba umzimba wenzwa wenziwe nge-aluminium, izihlungo ezicolekile, amakhontaki edisiki ye-piezoceramic evezekile, nemizila ye-PCB engagcotshwanga ngevanishi kugqwala ngokushesha ngaphansi komswakama ohlala uku-100%. Ezimweni zasehlobo ezishisa kakhulu, ukujiya komswakama kwenza izinkomishi zomthumeli nezomamukeli ezivulekile zibe yizicupho ezincane zomswakama phakathi kwamasonto amathathu kuya kwayisithupha.
Ukuze uqaphe amazinga amanzi emathangini e-polyethylene ngokwethembekile ngaphandle kokushintsha ihadiwe njalonjalo, udinga i-transducer ye-ultrasonic evaliwe engangeni manzi efakwe ngekhola ekhweza, noma inzwa yomfutho we-hydrostatic ecwiliswa ngaphansi kwamanzi yehliselwe phansi ethangini.
Kungani izinzwa ze-HC-SR04 ezivulekile zehluleka emathangini amanzi
Inzwa ye-HC-SR04 ibiza cishe u-R35 kuya ku-R60, okuyenza ibe ukukhetha okuvamile kokubonisa ekilasini nakuma-prototype we-breadboard. Kodwa-ke, ithangi le-JoJo elivaliwe liyisimo sezulu esincane esinzima:
- Imijikelezo yokujiya komswakama: Ntambama ezinsukwini ezinelanga zaseNingizimu Afrika, umoya osesikhaleni esingaphezu kwamanzi ethangini uyafudumala bese umunca umswakama ebusweni bamanzi. Ebusuku amazinga okushisa ayehla, bese amanzi ejiya ngqo ezindongeni zangaphakathi, esivalweni, nakunoma yiziphi izingxenye zikagesi ezifakwe ngaphansi kwaso.
- Izinkomishi ze-transducer ezingavalekile: Imishini emisiliva ese-HC-SR04 iyimibhangqwana yesipikha nemakhrofoni evulekele emoyeni. Umswakama ungena ngesihlungo esingaphambili, uqoqane phezu kwekhristalu ye-piezoelectric, uthibe ukudlidliza kwemishini, futhi ubangele izifundo ezingamanga (ngokuvamile zibika u-0 cm noma ibanga elingapheli) isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba ugesi uqobo ufe.
- Ukugqwala kwe-galvanic nokwasemoyeni: Amajoyinti okushisela angemuva kwezipinini ze-transducer nemizila yethusi ese-PCB engamboziwe kuguqukela ku-oksijini ngokushesha, kwakhe amaqweqwe e-copper carbonate ne-tin oxide axhuma izipinini futhi ashonise umzila we-5V.
Ukugcoba i-conformal coating noma iglu eshisayo ngemuva kwebhodi akukwazi ukukulungisa lokhu, ngoba indawo yokwehluleka ingaphakathi emgodini womsindo wama-transducer avulekile uqobo.
Izindlela ezisebenzayo: i-ultrasonic uma iqhathaniswa ne-hydrostatic
Ekuqapheni kwesikhathi eside ngaphandle, izigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko zezinzwa yizo ezisinda ezimweni zasensimini unyaka wonke:
| Uhlobo lwenzwa | Izindleko ezilinganiselwe zengxenye (ZAR) | Okuhle ngayo | Okubi & izindlela zokwehluleka |
|---|---|---|---|
| I-ultrasonic engangeni manzi (JSN-SR04T / AJ-SR04M) | R120 – R250 | Ayiwathinti amanzi; i-probe ye-transducer ye-aluminium evaliwe ngokuphelele; ibhodi likagesi elihlukene lifakwa ngaphandle kwethangi. | Indawo eyimpumputhe engu-20–25 cm; ama-echo angamanga uma ifakwe eduze kakhulu kwezimbambo noma ezindongeni zangaphakathi zethangi. |
| I-probe yomfutho we-hydrostatic ecwiliswa emanzini | R450 – R1,200 | Ayinayo indawo eyimpumputhe; ayithikamezwa amagwebu asebusweni nokujiya komswakama ethangini; ikala umfutho wangempela wekholomu yamanzi. | Ithinta amanzi ngqo; idinga ikhebuli elinomoya; ikhipha u-4–20 mA noma u-0–5 V okudinga ukulungiswa kwe-analog. |
Ukusetha 1: izindlela ezinhle ze-ultrasonic engangeni manzi (JSN-SR04T)
I-JSN-SR04T ihlukanisa uhlelo lube yizingxenye ezimbili: i-transducer eyindilinga evaliwe engangeni manzi ekhebulini elingu-2.5 wamamitha, kanye nebhodi lokucubungula elingavalekile. Ukuze lokhu kusetha kuhlale iminyaka kunezinyanga nje, landela le mithetho yokufaka:
1. Cabangela indawo eyimpumputhe engu-25 cm
Ngokungafani namamojula avulekele emoyeni akwazi ukufunda izinto ezisondele ngo-2 cm, izinzwa ze-ultrasonic ezingangeni manzi ezine-transducer eyodwa zisebenzisa i-elementi ye-piezo efanayo ukuthumela nokwamukela. Le elementi kumele iyeke ukukhala ngaphambi kokuba ikwazi ukulalela i-echo, okwenza indawo eyimpumputhe encane engaba ngu-20 kuya ku-25 cm. Uma ithangi lakho ligcwele futhi izinga lamanzi lihlala ngu-10 cm ngaphansi kwenzwa, inzwa izobuyisela idatha engenamsebenzi.
Isixazululo: Faka inzwa ngaphakathi kwekhola yepayipi le-PVC yangaphandle (ipayipi lokukhuphuka le-PVC elingu-50 mm) elelulekela ngo-20 cm ngaphezu kwesivalo sethangi. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi noma sekugcwele ngo-100%, ubuso bamanzi buhlala bungaphandle kwendawo eyimpumputhe.
2. Gcina ibhodi libe sebhokisini le-IP65 ngaphandle
Ungalokothi ufake i-PCB yokucubungula ngaphakathi esikhaleni sethangi. Dlulisa ikhebuli le-transducer ngesigxobo sekhebuli esicindezelayo eceleni kwesivalo sethangi, bese ufaka i-ESP32 yakho noma i-microcontroller kanye nebhodi elithwala i-JSN-SR04T ebhokisini lokuhlangana langaphandle elingangeni simo sezulu, elifakwe odongeni olusethunzini noma eceleni kwesitendi sethangi.
Ukusetha 2: izinzwa zomfutho we-hydrostatic ezicwiliswa emanzini
Uma uphahla lwethangi lakho lunesikhala esilinganiselwe noma ufuna ukungabi nakunakekelwa okuvela ezinkingeni zokubonakaliswa komsindo, i-transducer yomfutho we-hydrostatic yiyo indlela yochwepheshe. Lezi zinzwa zihlala phansi ethangini bese zikala umfutho omile okhishwa yikholomu yamanzi engaphezu kwazo.
Ngoba umfutho wamanzi ukhula cishe ngo-9.81 kPa emitheni ngayinye yokujula (cishe u-0.098 bar/m), inzwa elinganiselwe ku-0–20 kPa ilungele ithangi le-JoJo elijwayelekile elingu-2 wamamitha ubude, elithatha amalitha angu-5,000.
- Ukunakekelwa kwekhebuli elinomoya: Izinzwa ze-hydrostatic zisebenzisa ipayipi elincanyana le-capillary elingaphakathi kwekhebuli eliyinhloko ukulinganisa izinguquko zomfutho womoya. Qinisekisa ukuthi isiphetho esomile salelo khebuli siphelela ebhokisini elinephakethe le-desiccant noma i-vent ye-Gore-Tex ephefumulayo, exosha amanzi. Uma le vent ivaleka noma icwiliswa emanzini, ukunemba kuyaphambuka ngaso leso sikhathi.
- Ukuxhumana ne-microcontroller: Amaprobe womfutho wezimboni ashibhile amaningi akhipha ama-current loop angu-4–20 mA noma amasignali angu-0.5–4.5 V. Ku-ESP32, sebenzisa i-resistor enembayo engu-150 Ω noma engu-250 Ω, noma i-ADC ye-I2C (efana ne-ADS1115), ukuze ufunde isignali ngokucacile, ngoba i-analog-to-digital converter yemvelo ye-ESP32 yaziwa ngokungahambi ngomugqa oqondile ngaphansi kuka-0.15 V nangaphezu kuka-2.45 V.
Yikuphi okufanele ukukhethe?
Uma wakha ukubonisa kwe-IoT esikoleni, isiqaphi sethangi lasengadini, noma ideshibhodi yepulazi ngesabelomali esincane, i-JSN-SR04T efakwe epayipini lokukhuphuka le-PVC inikeza ukulinganisela okungcono kakhulu kwezindleko, ubulula bokubhala ikhodi, nokwethembeka. Uma usebenzisa ukulawulwa kwepompo okuzenzakalelayo endaweni yokukhiqiza lapho izifundo ezingamanga zingashisa ipompo yombhoboti ize yome, tshala imali enzweni yomfutho we-hydrostatic.
Ukuze uthole imiklamo ye-telemetry esilungele ukusebenza, ukuhlelwa kwesabelomali samandla samanodi asebenza ngelanga nangebhethri, kanye nezindlela zokuqapha amanzi ezinkomo, hlola ihadiwe yereferensi nemihlahlandlela ku-Sheen Solutions for Farming noma ubheke amabhodi e-telemetry angamamojula ku-Sheen IoT.
