Indlela yokuqapha ipulazi elingenagesi kagridi nelingenafayibha
Ukuze uqaphe ipulazi elikude ngaphandle kukagesi kagridi noma ifayibha, kumele uklame usuka esabelweni samandla ubuyela emuva, usebenzisa i-telemetry ye-LoRaWAN esebenzisa amandla amancane esikhundleni se-WiFi noma inethiwekhi yeselula edla amandla.
Ukuze uqaphe ipulazi elingenagesi kagridi nelingenafayibha, kumele ulahle umqondo wezinga labathengi wokusebenzisa izinzwa ezisebenzisa i-WiFi noma inethiwekhi yeselula. Kunalokho, isixazululo silele ekwakheni inethiwekhi yakho siqu yendawo ebanzi esebenzisa amandla amancane (i-LPWAN) ngobuchwepheshe be-LoRaWAN, eqhutshwa amanodi aklanywe kusukela esabelweni samandla kubuyelwa emuva.
Uhlelo lokuqapha lukude oluphumelelayo aluqali ngokukhetha izinzwa; luqala ngokubala ukuthi mangaki ama-milliwatt amandla ongawavuna futhi uwagcine, nokuthi lawo mandla angayithwala ibe kude kangakanani isignali yomsakazo. Ngokuhlanganisa igethiwedi eyodwa esebenza ngamandla elanga namanodi ezinzwa asebenzisa amandla amancane kakhulu, ungaqapha umswakama wenhlabathi, amasango ezokuphepha, amazinga amanzi, namaphethini esimo sezulu kuwo wonke amahektha ayizinkulungwane ngaphandle kwesentimitha elilodwa lentambo yethusi noma ukuxhumeka enkampanini kagesi.
Isabelo Samandla: Kungani i-WiFi Nenethiwekhi Yeselula Kwehluleka Epulazini
Ukuze siqonde ukuthi kungani ubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile obungenazintambo buhluleka ezindaweni zezolimo, kumele sibheke ifiziksi yokudluliswa kwe-radio frequency (i-RF) nokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwama-microcontroller ahlukene. Ukuxhumeka okuvamile kwe-WiFi kwakhelwe ukudlulisa okuningi ebangeni elifushane. Ukuze kugcinwe lokhu kuxhumeka, ishipha le-WiFi kumele lihlale lisebenza, lidonsa phakathi kuka-100mA no-240mA kagesi ku-3.3V. Ngisho noma lihlelelwe ukulala bese livuka ukuze lidlulise kuphela, inqubo yokusesha indawo yokuxhuma, ukuzihlanganisa nayo, ukuxoxisana ngekheli le-IP nge-DHCP, kanye nokudlulisa idatha ithatha phakathi kwemizuzwana emibili nemihlanu. Ukwenza lokhu izikhathi eziningi ngosuku kuzoqeda ibhethri elivamile le-lithium-ion elingu-2500mAh 18650 emasontweni ambalwa.
Amanethiwekhi eselula (kuhlanganise ne-NB-IoT ne-LTE-M) anikeza ibanga elingcono kodwa ahlushwa yizijeziso zamandla ezifanayo. I-modem yeselula kumele ixoxisane nesiteshi esiyisisekelo, okungathatha kufike emizuzwaneni eyishumi yokudlulisa okusebenzisa amandla amakhulu (ngokuvamile kufinyelela kokungaphezu kuka-200mA). Ngaphezu kwalokho, eNingizimu Afrika, amanethiwekhi eselula asengozini enkulu yokucinywa kukagesi. NgeSigaba 4 noma ngaphezulu, imibhoshongo yeselula yendawo ivame ukulahlekelwa ugesi lapho amabhethri ayo asekelayo esephelile, ishiye izinzwa zakho zingaxhumekile kanye ngesikhathi uzidinga kakhulu.
Enye Indlela: I-LoRaWAN
I-LoRa (i-Long Range) isebenza kumaza omsakazo angaphansi kwe-gigahertz (868 MHz eNingizimu Afrika). Isebenzisa i-chirp spread spectrum modulation, evumela amasignali ukuba ahlukaniswe ngisho noma esengaphansi kwezinga lomsindo. Lokhu kunika i-LoRa izinzuzo ezimbili ezinkulu ezolimo:
- Ibanga Elide Ngokwedlulele: Igethiwedi eyodwa efakwe endaweni ephakeme (njengesilo noma umbhoshongo wamanzi) ingawamukela kalula amasignali avela kumanodi akude kufike kumakhilomitha ayi-15 uma kubonana ngqo.
- Ukusetshenziswa Kwamandla Okuncane Kakhulu: Ngenxa yokuthi amanodi e-LoRaWAN awadingi ukugcina ukuxhumeka okuqhubekayo negethiwedi, angahlala esimweni sokulala okujulile edonsa okungaphansi kwama-microamp ayi-5 (µA). Lapho evuka, adlulisa umthwalo wawo ngaphansi kwama-millisecond ayi-100 bese ebuyela ngokushesha ekulaleni.
Izibalo Zezikhawu Zokuthatha Amasampuli
Ubude bempilo yenodi yenzwa esebenza ngebhethri buhambisana ngqo nokuthi idlulisa idatha kangaki. Ekuqapheni ipulazi, idatha yesikhathi sangempela ayivamile ukudingeka. Umswakama wenhlabathi awushintshi kakhulu emizuzwini eyishumi; isitoreji samanzi asiphelelwa emihlanu. Ngokulungisa isikhawu sokuthatha amasampuli, ungakwazi ukwelula impilo yebhethri yenodi isuke ezinyangeni iye eminyakeni.
Ithebula elingezansi likhombisa ubudlelwano phakathi kokuthatha amasampuli kaningi, ukudonswa kwamandla okumaphakathi, nempilo yebhethri elindelekile kusetshenziswa ibhethri elivamile le-Li-SOCl2 le-3.6V elingashajwa kabusha (umthamo we-8500mAh) ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokusebenza:
| Isikhawu Sokuthatha Amasampuli | Ukudluliswa Kwansuku Zonke | Impilo Yebhethri Elinganiselwe | Kulungele Kakhulu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Njalo ngemizuzu emi-5 | 288 | Izinyanga ezingu-8 kuya kwezingu-12 | Amasango ezokuphepha abucayi, imigqa yengcindezi |
| Njalo ngemizuzu engu-30 | 48 | Iminyaka engu-4 kuya kwengu-5 | Imikhombe yamanzi yemfuyo, iziteshi zesimo sezulu |
| Njalo ngamahora ama-2 | 12 | Iminyaka engu-8+ (umkhawulo wokuzikhipha amandla) | Umswakama wenhlabathi, imithombo ejulile |
Kumanodi adinga ukuthatha amasampuli kaningi noma izinzwa ezidla amandla (njengezinzwa ze-optical dissolved oxygen noma izinzwa zezinga lamanzi ze-ultrasonic), iphaneli elincane lelanga le-1W elihlanganiswe nebhethri elilodwa le-LiFePO4 le-3.2V lanele ukugcina inodi isebenza ingapheli, inqobo nje uma izingxenye zomshini ziklanyelwe ukuvala amandla aya enzweni lapho ingasetshenziswa.
Isimo Sangempela SaseNingizimu Afrika: Ukuzimela Kugridi Nokuqina Kwegethiwedi
Nakuba amanodi ezinzwa esebenza ngamabhethri amancanyana, inhliziyo yenethiwekhi yakho yigethiwedi ye-LoRaWAN. Igethiwedi yamukela amasignali omsakazo avela kuwo wonke amanodi akho bese iwadlulisela ku-inthanethi. Ngenxa yokuthi igethiwedi kumele ilalele ngokungaphezi, ayikwazi ukulala. Igethiwedi evamile yangaphandle idonsa phakathi kuka-3W no-5W kagesi oqhubekayo.
ENingizimu Afrika, awukwazi ukuthembela kugridi ukuze unike le gethiwedi ugesi, futhi awukwazi ukuthembela emibhoshongweni yeselula yendawo ukuba idlulisele idatha ngesikhathi sokucinywa kukagesi okuthatha isikhathi eside. Ukuze wakhe uhlelo oluqinile, igethiwedi kumele ibekwe ndawonye nomthombo wamandla elanga nexhumo eliqinile lokuthutha idatha. Iphaneli lelanga le-50W elihlanganiswe nebhethri le-LiFePO4 le-12V 18Ah lizogcina igethiwedi ye-5W isebenza 24/7, ngisho nangezinsuku ezintathu ezilandelanayo zesimo sezulu esiguqubele kakhulu.
Ekuthuthweni kwedatha (ukuthumela idatha isuka egethiwedi iye kufoni yakho noma kukhompyutha), uma ifayibha ingekho, uxhumano lwesathelayithi olunjenge-Starlink noma uxhumano olungenazintambo lwendawo eyodwa oluya kwenye olukhomba ngqo, olunenzuzo ephezulu, oluya edolobheni eliseduze elinengqalasizinda esebenzayo yilo okuyilona olithembekile kunawo wonke. Ngenxa yokuthi igethiwedi ihlanganisa idatha evela ezinzweni ezingamakhulu ibe ngumsinga omncanyana wedatha, ngisho noxhumano lwesathelayithi olunebhandiwidi ephansi nokubambezeleka okuphezulu lwanele ngokweqile.
Ukusebenzisa Uhlelo Lwakho
Ukuklama lezi zinhlelo kudinga ukufaniswa ngokucophelela kwezixhumanisi zezinzwa (njenge-SDI-12, i-RS-485 Modbus, noma i-analog 4-20mA) nama-microcontroller asebenzisa amandla amancane. Kumasu ezolimo afuna ukusebenzisa i-telemetry eqinile, engaxhunyiwe kugridi ngaphandle kobunzima bokwakha izingxenye zomshini kusukela ekuqaleni, iqembu lethu ku-Sheen Farming Solutions linikeza amagethiwedi e-LoRaWAN asehleliwe kusengaphambili, alungele ilanga, kanye namanodi ezinzwa enzelwe izimo zaseNingizimu Afrika.
Ngokususa ukwakheka kwakho kumaphrothokholi abathengi anebhandiwidi ephezulu nadla amandla amaningi bese wamukela ukuklama kwe-LPWAN okuqotho, okusebenzisa amandla amancane, ungathola ukubona okuphelele kwempahla yakho yezolimo ekude ngaphandle kokuthembela ku-Eskom noma kubaphathi bezokuxhumana bezentengiselwano.
