Kunamarediyo amathathu avela njalo emaphrojekthini e-IoT asekilasini nawezithandi zalo mkhakha: i-ESP-NOW, i-WiFi evamile, ne-LoRa. Impendulo emfushane ilula. Sebenzisa i-WiFi uma idivayisi idinga i-inthanethi noma uhlelo lokusebenza lwefoni. Sebenzisa i-ESP-NOW uma amabhodi amabili noma ngaphezulu edinga nje ukukhulumisana ngendlela eshibhile neshesha. Sebenzisa i-LoRa uma inzwa ihlala amakhulu amamitha noma amakhilomitha kude nanoma yini. Okusele kulo mbhalo kumayelana nokushintshiselana okungemuva kwaleyo mpendulo yomugqa owodwa, nokuthi wenzenjani uma kungekho rediyo eyodwa efanelekayo.

I-WiFi: uma udinga i-inthanethi

I-WiFi yirediyo abantu abaningi asebeyazi. Ixhumana ne-router noma ne-hotspot, ithole ikheli le-IP, bese ikwazi ukufinyelela i-inthanethi ebanzi: i-dashboard yasefwini, i-broker ye-MQTT, i-API ye-REST, noma uhlelo lokusebenza lwefoni olukunethiwekhi efanayo. Ibhodi ye-sheenbot∞ esetshenziswa abafundi ekilasini ikhuluma i-WiFi ngaphandle kokulungiselelwa, yingakho isifundo sokuqala se-IoT esibonakalayo sivamise ukusho ukuthumela ukufundwa kwenzwa esikrinini ndawana thile.

Izindleko wugesi kanye nengqalasizinda. I-WiFi idonsa ugesi omningi kunalezi ezimbili, ngakho ayifanele into ehloselwe ukusebenza amasonto ngebhethri elincane. Iphinde ithembele ekutheni i-router isebenza. ENingizimu Afrika lokho kubalulekile: ngesikhathi sokucishwa kukagesi i-router ingacima amahora amabili elandelanayo, bese inzwa esebenzisa i-WiFi kuphela ithula nya kuze kubuye ugesi. Ibanga nalo alilikhulu, cishe ubukhulu bekilasi noma bendlu, libe lifushane uma kudlulwa ezindongeni zikakhonkolo.

I-ESP-NOW: amabhodi akhuluma namanye amabhodi

I-ESP-NOW iyiphrothokholi elula, engadingi uxhumano olumiselwe kusengaphambili, eyakhelwe ngaphakathi kumashiphu afanayo we-ESP32 asebenzisa i-WiFi. Iyeqa i-router nya. Ibhodi elilodwa lingathumela umyalezo omfushane ngqo ekhelini le-MAC lelinye ibhodi, ngokubambezeleka okuncane kakhulu futhi ngaphandle kokusetha i-IP stack. Imithwalo yedatha mincane, cishe amabhayithi angu-250 ephakethe ngalinye, okwanele ngokugcwele ukufundwa kwezinga lokushisa, ukucindezelwa kwenkinobho, noma umyalelo we-motor.

Njengoba kungekho iphuzu lokungena phakathi, i-ESP-NOW iyaqhubeka isebenza noma inethiwekhi ye-WiFi ingasebenzi, futhi isebenzisa ugesi omncane ngokuphawulekayo kunoxhumano lwe-WiFi olugcwele, ikakhulukazi uma ibhodi lilala phakathi kokuthumela. Ibanga liphose lifane nelase-WiFi ngaphakathi endlini, libe ngcono ngaphandle uma kungekho okuvimbayo phakathi. Inkinga ukuthi i-ESP-NOW ikunika inethiwekhi eyimfihlo yamadivayisi akho siqu, hhayi indlela eya ku-inthanethi. Uma idatha idinga ukuphuma kulelo qoqo elincane, kudingeka enye into eyithwalayo.

I-LoRa: uma inzwa ikude

I-LoRa idela isivinini sedatha ukuze ithole ibanga. Kubhande elingaphansi kwe-gigahertz elisetshenziswa eNingizimu Afrika (868 MHz), uxhumano lwe-LoRa lungafinyelela ngokusabalala kulo lonke ipulazi noma idolobhana, kwesinye isikhathi amakhilomitha ambalwa uma indlela ikhululekile, kanti lusebenzisa ugesi omncane kakhulu. Lokho kuyenza ibe ukukhetha okwemvelo kwenzwa yomswakama wenhlabathi ekugcineni kwensimu noma inzwa yezinga lamanzi ethangini elisegqumeni.

Inani olikhokhayo yi-bandwidth kanye ne-hardware. I-LoRa ihambisa imiyalezo emincane, engavamile, hhayi ividiyo noma i-telemetry esheshayo, futhi ayakhelwe ngaphakathi ku-ESP32 evamile, ngakho unezela imojuli ye-LoRa. I-LoRa esebenza phakathi kwamaphuzu amabili idinga umamukeli ofanayo; i-LoRaWAN egcwele idinga i-gateway. Emaphrojekthini amaningi ezikole nawamapulazi amancane, ipheya elilodwa lamarediyo e-LoRa noma i-gateway eyodwa ilingene ukuqala.

Ukuqhathanisa amarediyo amathathu

Irediyo	Ibanga elilinganiselwe	Idinga ingqalasizinda?	Ugesi	Lilungele
I-WiFi	Amashumi amamitha	I-router kanye ne-inthanethi	Ophakathi kuya kophezulu	Ama-dashboard, izinhlelo zokusebenza, ifu
I-ESP-NOW	Licishe lifane nelase-WiFi, libe lide ngaphandle	Ayikho	Omncane	Imiyalezo phakathi kwamabhodi
I-LoRa	Amakhulu amamitha kuya kumakhilomitha	Imojuli ye-LoRa, i-gateway ye-LoRaWAN	Omncane kakhulu	Izinzwa ezikude, ezisakazekile

Ukufanisa irediyo nesimo osebenza kuso

Ekilasini, i-WiFi ne-ESP-NOW zimboza cishe konke. Sebenzisa i-WiFi esifundweni lapho ukufundwa kuvela ku-dashboard ebukhoma, bese usebenzisa i-ESP-NOW kumaphrojekthi lapho amabhodi ambalwa edlulisela imiyalezo phakathi kwamadeski, njengomdlalo we-relay noma ibhodi lamaphuzu elabelwana ngalo, ngaphandle kokuncintisana ngenethiwekhi yesikole.

Ekhaya, kuncike ekutheni i-inthanethi kudingeka iye kuphi. Inzwa yokukhanya noma yomnyango ephakela uhlelo lokusebenza idinga i-WiFi; iqoqo lamarimothi nezinkinobho ezikhuluma kuphela ne-hub yasendaweni lisebenza kangcono futhi lisebenzise ugesi omncane nge-ESP-NOW. Lokhu ukuxutshwa okungemuva kokwakhiwa okujwayelekile kokuzenzakalela kwekhaya.

Epulazini, ibanga yilo elinquma. Izinzwa ezisabalele emadlelweni noma emigqeni yezindlu zezitshalo zivamise ukuba kude kakhulu komunye nomunye ukuze kusebenze i-WiFi, futhi zikude kakhulu kugesi omkhulu ukuze zihlale zishajiwe, okuyilapho khona i-LoRa izuza indawo yayo ekuhlelweni kwezolimo ezihlakaniphile. Ukufundwa kusadinga indawo yokugcina kuyo, futhi yilapho amarediyo eqala khona ukuxubana.

Ukuxuba amarediyo ngenodi eyibhuloho

Amaphrojekthi amaningi abucayi asebenzisa amarediyo angaphezu kwelilodwa, ahlanganiswe yinodi eyibhuloho: idivayisi eyodwa ekhuluma amarediyo amabili futhi edlulisela imiyalezo phakathi kwawo. Iphethini evamile yilapho izinzwa zasensimini ezisebenzisa i-LoRa noma i-ESP-NOW zibika kubhuloho olulodwa, olube seluphethe uxhumano olulodwa lwe-WiFi bese ludlulisela konke ku-broker noma ku-dashboard. Uthola ibanga elide noma ukusebenzisa ugesi omncane ensimini, kanye nokufinyelela ku-inthanethi endaweni eyodwa, esikhundleni sokufuna kokuthathu kuyo yonke idivayisi.

Kunesixwayiso okufanele usazi kusenesikhathi: i-ESP32 yabelana ngerediyo eyodwa ye-2.4 GHz kokubili i-WiFi ne-ESP-NOW, futhi kokubili kumele kube kusiteshi esisodwa. Uma uxhuma i-WiFi kuqala, amanye amadivayisi e-ESP-NOW abelindele isiteshi esihlukile angathula. Ebhulohweni, hlela isiteshi ngamabomu, noma wehlukanise le misebenzi emibili kumashiphu amabili. Uma ibhuloho selisebenza, ukuthumela idatha eqoqiwe kuplatifomu efana ne-sheenIoT yingxenye elula.

Indlela esheshayo yokukhetha

• Idinga i-inthanethi, i-dashboard yasefwini, noma uhlelo lokusebenza lwefoni? Sebenzisa i-WiFi.
• Amabhodi akho amabili noma ngaphezulu ashintshisana ngemiyalezo emincane ngokushesha? Sebenzisa i-ESP-NOW.
• Inzwa ekude ngaphezu kwamamitha ayikhulu ku-router eseduze noma kugesi? Sebenzisa i-LoRa.
• Isebenza ngebhethri futhi ihloselwe ukusebenza amasonto? Thambekela ku-ESP-NOW enokulala, noma ku-LoRa.
• Udinga ezimbalwa zalezi ngasikhathi sinye? Yakha inodi eyibhuloho.

Okokugcina

Alikho irediyo elilodwa elingcono kunawo wonke, kukhona kuphela elifanele kakhulu ibanga, isabelo sikagesi, nengqalasizinda onayo ngempela. Qala embuzweni wokuthi idatha kumele iye kuphi nokuthi kumele ihambe ibanga elingakanani, bese ukukhetha kuvamise ukuzenzakalela. Uma irediyo elilodwa lingakwazi ukwenza konke, inodi eyibhuloho ikuvumela ukuthi uhlanganise amandla awo esikhundleni sokudela okuthile kuwo wonke.

Ingabe i-ESP32 eyodwa ingasebenzisa i-WiFi ne-ESP-NOW ngasikhathi sinye?

Yebo, kodwa ngokuqaphela. Zabelana ngerediyo efanayo ye-2.4 GHz futhi kumele zisebenzise isiteshi esisodwa, ngakho uxhumano lwe-WiFi lungasibopha isiteshi luvale amanye amadivayisi e-ESP-NOW abelindele esinye. Misa isiteshi ngamabomu, noma unikeze lezi zindima ezimbili amashiphu ahlukene ebhulohweni.

Ingabe ngidinga i-gateway ye-LoRaWAN ukuze ngisebenzise i-LoRa?

Hhayi njalo. Amarediyo amabili e-LoRa angakhulumisana ngqo ngaphandle kwe-gateway, okwanele enzweni eyodwa ekude. I-gateway iba usizo uma usunezinzwa eziningi noma ufuna zifinyelele kunethiwekhi ejwayelekile, futhi iyisinyathelo esilandelayo esizwakalayo kunesidingo sokuqala.