Ehlobo esikoleni saseNingizimu Afrika, amazinga okushisa ekilasini angakhuphuka kalula adlule ku-30°C. Ngaphakathi ethangini le-hydroponics, lokhu kushisa kungumbulali othule wezitshalo. Awudingi ukuchitha u-R10,000 kwi-chiller yamanzi yezimboni ukuze ugcine amaphrojekthi ezolimo noma awe-STEM esikole sakho ephila. Ngokuqonda i-physics yomoya-mpilo oncibilikile nangokusebenzisa amaqhinga ambalwa obunjiniyela angadingi gesi, ungakwazi ukugcina izindawo zezimpande zipholile, ziphilile futhi zikhiqiza, ngesabelomali esicishe singabi lutho.

Ingozi Ephindwe Kabili: Umoya-mpilo Oncibilikile Nokubola Kwezimpande

Ukuze siqonde ukuthi kungani amanzi afudumele ebulala izitshalo, kumele sibheke izinto ezimbili ezixhumene eduze: umoya-mpilo oncibilikile (i-DO) kanye nesikhunta samanzi i-Pythium, esaziwa kabanzi ngokuthi ukubola kwezimpande.

Amanzi abamba amagesi anjengomoya-mpilo ancibilike kuwo. Kodwa-ke, ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinga lokushisa lamanzi nokuncibilika kwegesi buyaphambana: njengoba izinga lokushisa lamanzi likhuphuka, amandla awo okubamba umoya-mpilo oncibilikile ehla ngamandla. Ezingeni elifanele lika-18°C kuya ku-20°C, amanzi angabamba umoya-mpilo oncibilikile owanele (cishe u-9 mg/L) ukugcina izimpande zezitshalo ziphefumula ngenkuthalo futhi zimunca izakhamzimba. Uma amazinga okushisa ethangi esekhuphuke adlule u-24°C, amazinga e-DO ehla ngokuphazima. Ku-30°C, amanzi abamba umoya-mpilo owanele nje kancane ukugcina izimpande ziphila, okubeka izitshalo ngaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu yokuntuleka komoya-mpilo.

Lokhu kuncipha komoya-mpilo kudala ingozi yesibili. I-Pythium yisifo esisebenzisa amathuba esitholakala cishe kuyo yonke imvelo yomhlabathi neyamanzi. Ethangini elipholile elinomoya-mpilo omningi, izimpande zezitshalo ziqinile ngokwanele ukuze zimelane naso, futhi izinambuzane ezincane ezidinga umoya-mpilo eziwusizo ziyasibamba. Kodwa uma amazinga okushisa amanzi edlula u-24°C futhi amazinga omoya-mpilo ehla, izinhlamvu ze-Pythium ziyavuka. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezingenamoya-mpilo, zihlasela izinhlelo zezimpande ezicindezelekile, eziphelelwa umoya. Ngaphakathi kwamahora angu-48, izimpande ezimhlophe eziphilile ziguquka zibe yinhlama ensundu, ebushelelezi, enephunga elibi. Uma ukubola kwezimpande sekubambe kuhlelo lwasekilasini, kunzima kakhulu ukukwelapha, futhi kuvame ukudinga ukuthi ulahle isivuno, ubulale amagciwane ohlelweni, uqale phansi.

Kungani Ama-chiller Wezentengiso Engesona Isixazululo Sezikole

Isixazululo esijwayelekile sezentengiso kule nkinga yi-chiller esebenzayo yezakhamzimba. Lawa mayunithi asebenza njengama-air conditioner amancane amanzi akho, apompa isixazululo sezakhamzimba siyozungeza endaweni yokupholisa. Nakuba esebenza kahle kakhulu, awafaneleki emvelweni yekilasi laseNingizimu Afrika ngenxa yezizathu eziningana:

• Izindleko Ezishaqisayo: I-chiller yezinga lokuqala elinganiselwe ithangi elincane lamalitha angu-100 ibiza phakathi kuka-R8,000 no-R12,000. Ezabelomali eziningi zezikole, lokhu kulingana nezindleko zamakhithi amaningana aphelele we-hydroponics noma izinto ezisetshenziswayo zekota yonke.
• Ukuba Sengozini Yokucishwa Kukagesi: Ama-chiller asebenzayo adonsa ugesi omningi (ngokuvamile u-200W kuya ku-500W). Ngezikhathi zokucishwa kukagesi zamahora amabili kuya kwamane, lawa mayunithi ayacisha. Uma ugesi ucisha ngesikhathi esishisa kakhulu sasemini ngoFebhuwari, izinga lokushisa lethangi likhuphuka ngokushesha noma kunjalo, kwehluleke inhloso yalo mnikelo obizayo.
• Ubunkimbinkimbi Nokulungiswa: Ama-chiller engeza amajoyinti epayipi engeziwe, adinga amapompo awo okuphakela, futhi anamaphiko okupholisa athambile avaleka ngothuli nangokuqongelelana kukasawoti, adinga ukulungiswa njalo othisha abamatasa abangavamile ukuba nesikhathi sokukwenza.

Amaqhinga Amane Okupholisa Angadingi Gesi Ashibhile

Esikhundleni sokuncika ekupholiseni okusebenza ngogesi okubizayo, ungasebenzisa imigomo eyisisekelo ye-thermodynamics ukuze ugcine amazinga okushisa ethangi lakho ezinzile futhi epholile.

1. Ukushintshaniswa Kwamabhodlela Aqandisiwe (Indlela Esebenzayo Engabizi Lutho)

Indlela elula kunazo zonke yokwehlisa izinga lokushisa lamanzi ukufaka isisindo sokushisa ngendlela yeqhwa. Ungatheli amaqhwa ahlukene ngqo ethangini lakho; lokhu kuhlambulula isixazululo sakho sezakhamzimba futhi kuguqule amazinga okuhambisa kukagesi (i-EC) nawe-pH. Kunalokho, gcwalisa amabhodlela epulasitiki eziphuzo amalitha amabili ngamanzi, uwaqandise abe lukhuni kufriji yekamelo labasebenzi, bese uwantantisa ngqo ethangini.

Ibhodlela elilodwa lamalitha amabili eliqandisiwe elifakwa ethangini lamalitha angu-50 ngo-08:00 lingehlisa izinga lokushisa lamanzi ngo-3°C kuya ku-5°C futhi ligcine amanzi epholile kuwo wonke amahora ashisa kakhulu asemini. Gcina isitoko esishintshanayo samabhodlela amane kufriji: amabili asethangini, amabili aqandisiwa. Washintshanise ngesikhathi sesidlo sasemini. Le ndlela imahhala ngokuphelele, isebenza kakhulu, futhi ifundisa abafundi isifundo esibonakalayo sokushisa okufihlekile kokuncibilika.

2. Faka Isivikelo Sokushisa Ethangini

Iningi lezinhlelo ze-hydroponics zezikole lisebenzisa amabhavu epulasitiki amnyama njengamathangi. Ipulasitiki elimnyama limunca ukushisa okusemoyeni namandla asakazekayo avela ezibanini zokukhulisa noma elangeni. Ungakwehlisa kakhulu lokhu kudluliselwa kokushisa ngokufaka isivikelo esitsheni sethangi.

Songa lonke ingaphandle lethangi nge-foil bubble wrap ekhanyisayo (evame ukuthengiswa lapha ekhaya ngaphansi kwamamaka anjenge-Sisalation noma i-RadenShield). Yiqinise nge-duct tape eqinile. Lokhu kubuyisela ukushisa okusakazekayo kude nethangi. Ukuze isebenze ngcono nakakhulu, beka ithangi ngaphakathi kwebhokisi elilula lokhuni elifakwe amashidi we-polystyrene angu-20mm. Lesi sivikelo esinezingqimba ezimbili singagcina amanzi akho epholile ngo-6°C ukwedlula umoya wegumbi.

3. Mbela Ithangi Emhlabathini (Ukumunca Ukushisa)

Uma uhlelo lwe-hydroponics lwesikole sakho lusesitezi esiphansi, egcekeni, noma endlini yezitshalo, ungasebenzisa isisindo sokushisa semvelo somhlaba. Amazinga okushisa omhlabathi imitha eyodwa ngaphansi kobuso bomhlaba ahlala ezinzile ngendlela emangalisayo, ngokuvamile ehlala phakathi kuka-15°C no-18°C ngisho nasekushiseni kwehlobo.

Ngokumba umgodi bese umbela ithangi lakho ukuze isivalo saso silingane nomhlabathi, uguqula umhlabathi ozungezile ube yindawo enkulu emunca ukushisa engadingi gesi. Umhlabathi uzoqhubeka udonse ukushisa kusuke esixazululweni sezakhamzimba. Lena yindlela yokupholisa ethembeke kunazo zonke, engadingi kulungiswa, etholakalayo, futhi isebenza ngokugcwele ngesikhathi kucishwe ugesi.

4. Yandisa Ubuningi Bethangi

Ku-thermodynamics, isisindo sokushisa sinquma ukuthi into ishintsha ngokushesha kangakanani izinga lokushisa. Amanzi amancane ayashisa aphinde aphole ngokushesha okukhulu kunamanzi amaningi. Uma uhlelo lwakho lwasekilasini lusebenzisa ithangi elincane lamalitha angu-20, lizolandela izinga lokushisa legumbi cishe njalo ngehora.

Ngokukhuphukela ethangini lamalitha angu-100 noma angu-150, wandisa kakhulu ukumelana kohlelo nokushintsha kokushisa. Ngisho noma ikilasi lishisa amahora ambalwa ntambama, ubuningi bamanzi buzovimbela izinga lokushisa ukuba likhuphukele endaweni eyingozi ngaphambi kokufika kokupholile kwakusihlwa.

Ukuklama Izinhlelo Ezinesivikelo Sokushisa Esakhelwe Ngaphakathi

Uma ukhetha noma wakha uhlelo lwesikole sakho, ukulawulwa kokushisa kufanele kube yingxenye yomklamo wokuqala, hhayi into oyicabanga kamuva. Ukukhetha amathangi anemibala ekhanyayo noma amhlophe kubuyisela ukukhanya emuva esikhundleni sokukumunca. Ukubeka amathangi phansi kukhonkolo opholile kunokuwabeka ezinsikeni zensimbi eziphakeme nakho kusiza ukukhipha ukushisa emanzini.

E-Sheen Robotics, siklama izixazululo zethu zezolimo zemfundo sicabangela lezi zithiyo zangempela zaseNingizimu Afrika. Izinhlelo zethu ezigxile ezikoleni zibhekelela ukwakhiwa okuqinile, okunesivikelo sokushisa esikhulu nokunobuningi obukhulu, okuvikela izitshalo kokubili emagagasini okushisa asehlobo nasekucishweni kukagesi. Ungahlola izinhlelo zethu ezimelana nesimo sezulu ekhasini lethu lezixazululo zezolimo zemfundo.

Ngokuhlanganisa isivikelo esilula esibonakalayo, ukubekwa okuhlakaniphile kwethangi kanye neqhinga elilula lebhodlela eliqandisiwe, ungagcina izimpande ze-hydroponics zasekilasini lakho zimhlophe, ziphilile futhi zinomoya-mpilo ihlobo lonke, ngaphandle kokuchitha isenti lesabelomali somnyango wakho kuma-chiller asebenza ngogesi.