Kungani Amanzi Ethu E-hydroponics Aseklasini Ephenduke Aluhlaza Cwe Ngenxa Yolele?
Ukwanda ngokushesha kolele kwenzeka lapho ukukhanya kushaya amanzi agcwele izakhamzimba. Nasi isizathu esenza ama-PVC amhlophe nobhishi abukhanyayo bahluleke, kanye nendlela yokulungisa lokhu kukhula ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali anobuthi.
Ithangi lakho le-hydroponics liphenduke laba luhlaza cwe ngenxa yesizathu esilula sebhayoloji: izinhlayiya ezincane zolele (microalgae spores) zithole izakhamzimba zamaminerali ancibilikile (i-nitrogen ne-phosphorus), amanzi afudumele, kanye nokukhanya. Uma lezi zimo ezintathu zihlangana ngesikhathi esisodwa, ulele luzogcwala kusistimu phakathi kwamahora angama-48 kuya kwangama-72. Cishe kuzo zonke izinhlelo zasekilasini, imbangela enkulu akusona isixube esingafanele sezakhamzimba noma amanzi ompompi angcolile; kodwa ukukhanya okungena ngepulasitiki yethangi ekhanyayo noma amapayipi amhlophe e-PVC anezindonga ezincane.
Isayensi Yokungena Kokukhanya Ezinhlelweni Zasezikoleni
Ulele (algae) yizinto eziphilayo ezisebenzisa ukukhanya ukwenza ukudla (photosynthetic organisms). Ngokungafani nezifo zezimpande ezifana ne-Pythium (ukubola kwezimpande), ulele ludinga ukukhanya ukuze lwande. Kusistimu ekahle ye-nutrient film technique (NFT) noma ye-deep water culture (DWC), isixazululo sezakhamzimba kumele sihlale ebumnyameni obuphelele kusukela lapho siphuma khona ethangini kuze kube yilapho sibuyela khona.
Amaphrojekthi ezikole ajwayele ukwephula lo mthetho ngezinto ezimbili ezivamile:
- Amabhokisi okugcina acwebezelayo noma abonisa kancane: Amabhokisi epulasitiki acwebile noma anenkungu athengwa ezitolo zendawo angase abukeke eqinile, kodwa angenisa ukukhanya ekujuleni kwamanzi. Ngisho namabhokisi aqinile aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma aluhlaza okotshani avumela imisebe eyanele ye-photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) ukondla ukwanda okusheshayo kolele ngaphansi kwezibani ze-fluorescent zasekilasini noma izibani ezinamandla ze-LED ezikhulisa izitshalo.
- Amapayipi ajwayelekile amhlophe e-PVC amapayipi amanzi: Amapayipi ajwayelekile amhlophe e-PVC anezindonga ezincane (njengamapayipi ajwayelekile okukhipha amanzi asendlini atholakala ezitolo zokwakha) ayakhanya kancane. Nakuba ebonakala emhlophe te emehlweni, ukukhanyisa ithoshi ngaphakathi kuveza ukuthi ukukhanya kungena kalula odongeni lwawo. Ngaphansi kwezibani zokukhulisa izitshalo ezinamandla amakhulu noma ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile eduze kwefasitela lasekilasini laseNingizimu Afrika elibheke enyakatho, ingaphakathi lesiteshi se-PVC esimhlophe liphenduka indawo efudumele yokukhulisa ulele.
- Izikhala ezivulekile zezimbiza zamanetha: Ukushiya izimbobo zezimbiza zamanetha zivulekile, noma ukusebenzisa izinto zokutshala ezingahlangene kahle ezishiya izikhala ezizungeze iziqu zezithombo, kuvumela imisebe yokukhanya eqondile ukuba ishaye umzila wezakhamzimba ngezansi.
Kungani Ulele Lulimaza Isistimu (Futhi Kungani Amakhemikhali Engesona Isixazululo)
Ulele aluhlaseli iziqu zezitshalo ngokuqondile, kodwa luqhudelana ngamandla nomoya-mpilo oncibilikile (dissolved oxygen) kanye nezakhamzimba ezidingwa yizitshalo zakho. Emini, ulele lukhiqiza umoya-mpilo; ebusuku, lusebenzisa umoya-mpilo ngokuphefumula, okwenza izimpande ziswele umoya-mpilo. Lapho leli qembu lolele ligcina lifile, amagciwane abolisa izinto asusa wonke umoya-mpilo oncibilikile osele emanzini, okuholela ezimweni zokungabikho komoya-mpilo (anaerobic conditions), amaphunga amabi, kanye nokubola kwezimpande okusheshayo.
Lapho lokhu kwenzeka, ukusabela okujwayelekile ngokwemvelo ngokuvamile ukufaka umuthi wokubulala ulele wasesizibeni sokubhukuda, i-copper sulphate, noma ibhiliqi (bleach) enamandla yasendlini ethangini. Endaweni yokufundisa, lokhu kuyiphutha:
- Izibulali-lele zokuhweba zasezizibeni zokubhukuda kanye nezinhlanganisela ze-copper ziyanqwabelana ezicutshini zezitshalo futhi zinobuthi uma zidliwa, okuqeda ngokushesha inhloso yanoma iyiphi iphrojekthi yasekilasini ehllose ukutshala ukudla okudliwayo.
- Ibhiliqi ejwayelekile ye-chlorine ilimaza izinwele zezimpande emazingeni aphakeme anele ukubulala ulele olusesistimwini, okuphazamisa ukukhula noma kubulale izitshalo ezizwelayo njenge-lettuce ne-basil.
- Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali akusilungisi isici sesakhiwo. Lapho i-chlorine iphela, izinhlayiya zolele ezisemoyeni zizophinde zigcwalise amanzi anokukhanya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.
Isixazululo Somshini: Ukuvalela Ukukhanya Ngokuphelele
Ukulungisa amanzi aluhlaza unomphela kudinga ukuvimba ukukhanya ngokoqobo, hhayi ukulwa ngamakhemikhali. Ungenza isakhiwo esikhona singangeni nhlobo ukukhanya usebenzisa izinto ezijwayelekile:
| Component | The Vulnerability | The Permanent Physical Fix |
|---|---|---|
| Reservoir Tank | Izindonga nesivalo sepulasitiki ezingenisa ukukhanya | Bopha ingaphandle ngefilimu ye-silage emnyama namhlophe (panda film) lapho uhlangothi olumnyama lubheke ngaphakathi ukuze luvimbe ukukhanya kanti olumhlophe lubheke ngaphandle ukuze luvikele ukushisa kwendawo. Okunye, penda ingaphandle ngopende wesipreyi omnyama ongacwebisi (matte black), bese ulandelisa ngomhlophe ocwebezelayo. |
| PVC Channels | Ukungena kokukhanya ezindongeni ezincane ze-PVC emhlophe | Bopha imisele ngezinto ezivikela ukushisa ezicwebezelayo (reflective foil insulation), noma sebenzisa imisele ye-hydroponics evikelwe yi-UV nengangeni ukukhanya esikhundleni samapayipi ajwayelekile amapayipi asekhaya. |
| Lid Openings & Net Pots | Ukukhanya okungena ezindaweni ezizungeze i-rockwool noma izinkomishi zamanetha | Gcwalisa izimbiza zamanetha ngokuphelele ngamatshe obumba angafihli ukukhanya (hydroton), bese usebenzisa amakhololo e-neoprene angafihli ukukhanya ezizungeze iziqu zezitshalo ukuze uvale izikhala zokukhanya. Vala noma yiziphi izimbobo ezingasetshenzisiwe ngezivalo eziqinile ezingangenisi ukukhanya. |
| Sight Tubes & Tubing | Amashubhu e-vinyl acwebile okuhlola izinga lamanzi nemigqa yokuletha amanzi | Faka amashubhu e-polyethylene amnyama noma aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka alungele ukudla (food-grade) esikhundleni sawo wonke amashubhu e-vinyl acwebile. Amashubhu acwebile azokwakha ulele ngaphakathi aze avimbe amaphampu nezinto zokunisela (drippers). |
Indlela Yokuhlanza Nokumisa Kabusha Ngokuphephile Isistimu Yasekilasini Ehaqwe Yilele
Uma ithangi lakho selivele liluhlaza cwe futhi lingabonakali ngaphakathi, landela le nqubo yokusetha kabusha engenabuthi ngesikhathi sesifundo esisodwa sokwenza (practical period):
- Khipha amanzi uwahlukanise: Pompela isixazululo sezakhamzimba esiluhlaza ngqo epayipini lokukhuculula noma usisebenzisele ukunisela izingadi zesikole ezisemhlabathini (amagciwane enhlabathi azobhidliza ulele ngokwemvelo ngaphandle kokulimaza izitshalo zangaphandle).
- Khuhla izindawo zomshini: Sula izindonga zethangi nezimbiza zamanetha usebenzisa indwangu ehlanzekile namanzi afudumele. Ungasebenzisi insipho yezitsha noma okokuhlanza kwasendlini, okushiya izinsalela zamakhemikhali eziphula ulwelwesi lwezimpande zezitshalo.
- Bulala amagciwane nge-Hydrogen Peroxide Yezinga Lokudla: Gcwalisa isistimu ngamanzi ompompi ajwayelekile bese ufaka i-hydrogen peroxide evamile engu-3% (H₂O₂) ngesilinganiso esingama-5 kuya kwayi-10 ml ilitha ngalinye lamanzi. Qalisa iphampu imizuzu engama-30 kuya kwengama-45. I-hydrogen peroxide ibulala amangqamuzana olele asele lapho ihlangana nawo futhi ihlukana ngokungenangozi ibe ngamanzi ahlanzekile nomoya-mpilo, ingashiyi zinsalela zamakhemikhali anobuthi.
- Khipha amanzi bese ufaka amasha: Khipha amanzi okuhlanza, hlola izindawo zokuvimba ukukhanya, bese uxuba isitolimende esisha sezakhamzimba ezilinganiselwe ze-hydroponics. Hlola i-electrical conductivity (EC) kanye ne-pH ngaphambi kokubuyisela isistimu ezimpandeni zezitshalo.
Uma uklama amayunithi okukhiqiza ukudla azisebenzelayo noma amabhentshi ebhayoloji okufundisa, izinhlelo zethu ezikhethekile ze-smart agricultural and hydroponic systems zihlanganisa amapayipi aphephile ekudleni, avimbele ukukhanya ngokugcwele kanye nokuqapha ithangi okuzenzakalelayo ukuze kuvinjwe ukungcoliseka kwebhayoloji kungakaqali.
Ukuvimbela Amanzi Ekushiseni Ngokweqile Emakilasini Afudumele
Ezimweni zasehlobo eNingizimu Afrika, amazinga okushisa egumbini avame ukweqa kuma-30°C. Amazinga okushisa aphakeme amanzi asheshisa kokubili ukukhula kolele nokuphela komoya-mpilo. Lapho uvimbela ukukhanya ethangini lakho, gwema ukugoqa ithangi ngepulasitiki emnyama kuphela noma i-duct tape emnyama ngaphandle kongqimba lwangaphandle olubonisa ukukhanya; izindawo ezimnyama zimunca ukushisa kwendawo futhi zizoshisa indawo yezimpande ngokushesha.
Njalo sebenzisa indlela yezingqimba ezimbili: isivikelo sangaphakathi esimnyama ukuze ungangeni nhlobo ukukhanya (100% opacity), esimbozwe ungqimba lwangaphandle olumhlophe noma oluyinsimbi ukususa ukushisa ethangini. Uma ukukhanya sekususiwe ngokuphelele emjikelezweni wezakhamzimba, amanzi akho azohlala ecwebile, amazinga omoya-mpilo azozinza, futhi izinhlelo zezimpande zizohlala zimhlophe te phakathi nayo yonke ithemu.
