Okumqoka ngamafuphi

• Qala ngendlela engajikelezisi amanzi, kungaba indlela ye-Kratky noma uhlelo olulula lwentambo emunca amanzi. Alikho iphampu, awukho ugesi, akukho okuningi okungaphuka.
• Lubeke lapho kunokukhanya okuningi, eduze kompompi nendawo yokuchitha amanzi, phezu kwendawo ongayesula futhi ongahamba uyizungeze.
• Imifino enamaqabunga namakhambi yizona zitshalo zokuqala ezethembekile. Utamatisi, upelepele nama-strawberry kubekele ithemu elizayo.
• Hlela ikhalenda usuka emaholidini ubuyele emuva. Njengoba ikhefu elide likaDisemba selingamasonto ambalwa nje, yilona vivinyo lakho lokuqala langempela.
• Kuxhume ne-CAPS kwiSayensi Yemvelo, kwiZibalo nakuBuchwepheshe, futhi uvumele abafundi babhale irekhodi lezilinganiso.

Iphrojekthi ye-hydroponics ekilasini idinga izinto ezinhlanu ukuthi zihambe kahle: uhlelo olulula ngokwanele ukuthi lusinde ethemu elimatasa, indawo enokukhanya namanzi, uhlelo lokuthi ngubani oluphakelayo, isitshalo esixolela amaphutha, kanye nokuxhumana nekharikhulamu ukuze isikhathi sibalwe kabili. Lungisa lezo zinto bese ishelufu eligcwele uletisi okhulayo liba yelinye lamakhona abukwa kakhulu ekilasini. Lo mhlahlandlela udlula esinqumweni ngasinye ngokulandelana kwezinto uthisha abhekana nazo empeleni, futhi awukhethi mthengisi ukuze usebenze noma ngabe usebenzisa maphi amathuluzi.

Qala ngokuncane nangokungajikelezisi amanzi

Iphutha elikhulu kunawo wonke ohlelweni lokuqala lwasekilasini ukukhetha olunephampu. Amaphampu ayingxenye evame ukushaya phansi, futhi ekamelweni elishiywa lingenamuntu ntambama nsuku zonke nangamaholide, ukwehluleka ongakubambanga kusho izitshalo ezifile. Onyakeni wokuqala, khetha indlela engajikelezisi amanzi. Lezi zibamba izimpande ethangini elingahambi lamanzi anezakhamzimba, ngakho akukho okumele kuvulwe futhi akukho okungaphuka.

Indlela ye-Kratky yiyona ndawo yokuqala evamile. Izithombo zihlala ezimbizeni ezinamanetha esivalweni sesitsha esivalekile, izimpande zifinyelela esixazululweni, futhi njengoba izitshalo ziphuza, izinga lehla lishiye isikhala somoya izimpande eziphefumula ngaso. Uyagcwalisa, futhi lowo ucishe ube yiwona wonke umsebenzi. Uhlelo lwentambo emunca amanzi luyafana, ludonsa isixazululo lusiyise endaweni yokukhulela ngentambo yendwangu. Zombili zishibhile, zithule futhi kunzima ukuzibulala.

Imifino enamaqabunga efana noletisi, isipinashi, u-rocket nemifino yase-Asia, kanye namakhambi afana no-basil no-mint, ikhula ngokushesha inezimpande ezingajulile futhi ifanele ithangi elingahambi. Izitshalo ezithela izithelo ezifana notamatisi nopelepele zifuna ukunyakaza kwamanzi okwengeziwe, ukukhanya okwengeziwe nesikhathi esingaphezu kwalokho ithemu lesikole elikunika ngokukhululeka, ngakho zigcine kuze kube ikilasi selinesivuno esisodwa esiphumelele.

Ukuqhathaniswa kwezindlela ezivamile

Ithebula elingezansi liveza okulahlekayo nokuzuzwayo kuyileyo naleyo ndlela ukuze ukhethe ngenhloso kunokukhetha ngalokho nje okwenzeka kufakwe ekhithini.

Indlela	Umzamo wokulungisa	Ugesi odingekayo	Izitshalo zokuqala ezingcono	Okumele ukuqaphele ngeqiniso
I-Kratky (engajikelezisi)	Uphansi	Awukho	Uletisi, amakhambi, imifino	Ayifanele izitshalo ezinkulu ezithela izithelo; mboza ithangi ngaphandle kwalokho kubanjwa ulwelwe
Uhlelo lwentambo	Uphansi	Awukho	Amakhambi, imifino emincane	Ukukhula okuhamba kancane; izintambo zingavaleka zidinge ukushintshwa
Ukutshala emanzini ajulile	Ophakathi	Iphampu lomoya	Imifino enamaqabunga	Kuyayeka ukusebenza uma ugesi ucishile ngaphandle uma iphampu lixhunywe esekelweni likagesi; izimpande ziyahlupheka ekamelweni elishisayo
Indlela yolwelwesi lwezakhamzimba	Uphezulu	Iphampu lamanzi	Izitshalo zesaladi ezingapheli	Ukushaya phansi kwephampu kungabulala umsele ngosuku olulodwa; kudinga ukuqashelwa okukhulu kunazo zonke
Umbhoshongo omile	Ophakathi kuya kophezulu	Iphampu	Izitshalo ezinamaqabunga ezimfishane	Ziningi izingxenye ezingashaya phansi; hlola ukuthi izindawo eziphezulu zithola amanzi nokukhanya okwanele

Indlela enengqondo yokuqhubeka ukusebenzisa isitsha se-Kratky ithemu lonke, bese wengeza uhlelo olusebenza ngogesi ngonyaka olandelayo lapho umkhuba usuzinzile.

Ukubeka indawo: ukukhanya, indawo yokubeka nokufinyelela

Indawo obeka kuyo uhlelo ibaluleke ngaphezu kwemali oyichitha kulo, futhi ukukhanya kuza kuqala. Ifasitela elibheke enyakatho eNingizimu yeMhlaba linika ilanga eliningi kunawo wonke usuku lonke, futhi kwimifino enamaqabunga lokho kuvame ukwanela. Uma udonga lwakho olukhona lodwa lufiphele, isibani esilula se-LED sokukhulisa izitshalo esisethaymeni yepulaki sigcina ukukhula kulingana ngisho namasonto anamafu. Noma ngayiphi indlela, bhekisa izitshalo ekukhanyeni okungaguquki kunamahora ambalwa okukhanya okuhwaqabalayo kwantambama nakho okubilisa ithangi.

Indawo yokubeka kufanele ibe ngesulekayo futhi ilinganise. Amanzi nosawoti wezakhamzimba kuzochitheka, ngakho itafula le-laminate noma ithreyi lepulasitiki ngaphansi kohlelo lisindisa iphansi lakho. Ukulingana nakho kubalulekile, ngoba ithangi elitshekile lehla ngokungalingani lishiye ezinye izimpande zomile. Zinike indawo yokuzungeza, ngoba ikilasi elishintshanayo ekulinganiseni lidinga indawo enkulu kunaleyo eshelufu elicindezelwe ekhoneni elinganika yona.

Izindawo ezimbili zokufinyelela zinquma ukuthi ukunakekela kuba umsebenzi onzima kangakanani: umpompi ozogcwalisa kuwo nendawo yokuthulula amanzi. Ukuthwala amabhakede uwela ikilasi kukhathaza ngokushesha, futhi yingakho izinhlelo ebezinezinhloso ezinhle zife buthule. Beka yonke into eduze kwakho kokubili ukuze ukugcwalisa kabusha kungabi yisenzakalo. Gcina noma yikuphi okukagesi, amathayima noma amaphampu kude nokuchichima futhi kungabi phansi.

Amanzi, izakhamzimba nogesi

Amanzi ompompi kamasipala alungile kwi-hydroponics. Uma enuka i-chlorine kakhulu, ukuwayeka ehleli ubusuku bonke kuvumela i-chlorine ukuthi iphume ngaphambi kokuba uxube izakhamzimba, nakuba kwimifino enamaqabunga lokho kungukunciphisa kunokuba umthetho. Lokho izitshalo ezingakutholi emanzini kuphela amaminerali, ngakho i-hydroponics isebenza ngesixazululo sezakhamzimba kunamanzi angenalutho. Isakhamzimba se-hydroponic esinezingxenye ezimbili esixutshwe ngamandla abhalwe elebhulini sanele isivuno sesikole ngaphandle kokuthi udinge ukuba yisazi samakhemikhali.

Izilinganiso ezimbili zikutshela cishe konke. I-pH inquma ukuthi izimpande zingakwazi yini ukumunca izakhamzimba ozifakile, futhi imifino enamaqabunga ithanda ibhande elithambekele kancane ku-asidi. Ukudlulisa ugesi, noma i-EC, kukutshela ukuthi kunezakhamzimba ezingakanani ngempela emanzini. Amamitha ashibhile azo zombili ayatholakala, futhi ukuwafunda kabili ngesonto kuyisifundo sesayensi ngokwaso. Uma ungenawo amamitha ekuqaleni, xuba ngamandla abhalwe elebhulini, ugcine ithangi ligcwele, bese wengeza ukulinganisa kamuva.

Ugesi ubalulekile kuphela uma ukhethe uhlelo olunephampu, futhi khona-ke kumele uhlelele ukuphazamiseka. Gcina noma yiliphi iphampu lomoya lixhunywe esekelweni elincane lebhethri, noma usebenzise ithreyi lesipheya elingajikelezisi eceleni ukuze ukucishwa kukagesi kube yisithikamezo esincane kunokucekelwa phansi kwakho konke. Lesi esinye isizathu sokuthi uhlelo lokuqala lwasekilasini lulula kakhulu uma lungenagesi nhlobo.

Ukuhlela ngokwekhalenda lesikole

I-hydroponics isebenza ngesigqi sesonto, kanjalo nesikole, ngakho hlela kokubili ndawonye. Izitshalo azizazi izinsuku zamathemu. Iningi lezikole zaseNingizimu Afrika livala ngesonto lesibili likaDisemba libuye livule maphakathi noJanuwari, lishiye uhlelo lokukhulisa lingabhekiwe amasonto acishe abe mahlanu esikhathini esishisa kunazo zonke sasehlobo. Njengoba ufunda lokhu ngasekupheleni kukaNovemba, lelo khefu yinto yokuqala okumele uyihlelele, hhayi eyokugcina.

Uhlelo olungajikelezisi luyasiza, ngoba ithangi le-Kratky eligcwaliswe kahle lingaqhubeka isikhashana ngaphandle kokugcwaliswa kabusha. Noma kunjalo, ngaphambi kweholide elide isinyathelo esiqotho ukuvuna okusekulungele, ukuthulula nokuhlanza ithangi, bese uqala isivuno esilandelayo lapho wonke umuntu esebuyile. Amakhefu amafushane aphakathi kwamathemu ayaxolela kakhulu, futhi ukugcwalisa okusheshayo kuvame ukuwawelisa.

Phakathi nethemu, sakaza umthwalo ukuze uhlelo lungalokothi luncike kumuntu oyedwa. Uhlu olushintshanayo lwabaqaphi bezitshalo, abafundi ababili ngesonto, lwenza ukunakekela kube lula futhi lunika wonke umuntu ithuba. Faka imisebenzi elula ohlwini, okuwukuhlola izinga lamanzi, ukugcwalisa nokubhala izilinganiso, bese ugcina kuwe izinqumo ezidinga ukwahlulela njengokulungisa izakhamzimba. Isivuno soletisi singena ngaphakathi kwethemu elilodwa, ngakho tshala kusenesikhathi uvune ngaphambi kokuba liphele.

Ukuxhumana nekharikhulamu okufanelekayo

Uhlelo lwe-hydroponics luyayifanela indawo yalo eshelufini uma lusebenza nanjengensiza yokufundisa, futhi luhambisana ne-CAPS ngokwemvelo ngaphezu kwamanye amaphrojekthi amaningi. ISayensi Yemvelo neSayensi Yokuphila kuthola ukudla kwezitshalo, izinhlelo zezimpande, i-photosynthesis nomehluko phakathi kokukhulela enhlabathini nasemanzini. IZibalo zithola ukulinganisa kwangempela, izilinganiso zokuxuba izakhamzimba, namasonto edatha okumele ifakwe ethebulini nasegrafini. UBuchwepheshe buthola inkinga yeqiniso yokuklama, ngoba abafundi bangaludweba futhi baluthuthukise uhlelo uqobo.

Irekhodi lezilinganiso yilona ntambo ehlanganisa konke. Yenza abafundi babhale izinga lamanzi, izinga lokushisa lekamelo nobude besitshalo ngesikhathi esimisiwe, bese usebenzisa lezo zinombolo esifundweni seZibalo kulelo sonto. Abafundi abadala bangaqhubekela phambili ngokungeza izinzwa, njengenzwa yokushisa ethangini noma inzwa yokukhanya efasiteleni, bese bebhala izilinganiso ngebhodi elingafakelwa iprogremu njenge-sheenbot∞. Lokho kuguqula umbukiso we-biology ube yiphrojekthi encane yokubhala ikhodi neyamarobhothi ngaphandle kokudinga isikhala sesifundo sesibili.

Akukho kulokhu okudinga umthengisi othile. Akha indlela yokufundisa kuqala bese uphatha izinsimbi njengezinto ezishintshaniswayo. Uma usufuna izingxenye, izingxenye zokuqala ziyatholakala esitolo, futhi uma ungathanda ukubona ukwakhiwa okuphelele nokulandelana kwezifundo kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kufike ekugcineni ngaphambi kokuzibophezela ithemu lonke, ama-workshop ethu asemaholidini ayindlela engacindezeli yokwenza lokho.

Izinsuku zakho ezingama-30 zokuqala

Inyanga eyodwa ikususa esitsheni esingenalutho ikuyise ekilasini elifunda idatha yalo. Gcina ijubane lipholile ukuze uhlelo nomkhuba kuzinze kokubili.

1. Isonto 1, yakha bese usebenzisa ngaphandle kwezitshalo. Hlanganisa uhlelo, ulugcwalise ngamanzi ampofu, bese uluyeka luhlale izinsuku ezimbalwa. Hlola ukuvuza, ufunde ukuthi lubamba amanzi angakanani, bese ulubeka endaweni yalo yokugcina ngaphambi kokuba kufakwe izithombo.
2. Isonto 2, tshala futhi ubeke amalebula. Tshala kabusha izithombo noma uhlwanyele endaweni yokukhulela, xuba izakhamzimba ngamandla anconyiwe, bese usungula irekhodi lezilinganiso. Khetha abaqaphi bezitshalo bokuqala.
3. Isonto 3, linganisa bese ulungisa. Abafundi babhala izinga lamanzi, izinga lokushisa lekamelo nobude besitshalo kabili ngesonto. Yengeza izakhamzimba, uhlole i-pH uma unekhithi, futhi uqaphele izimpawu zokuqala zokukhula.
4. Isonto 4, funda idatha. Faka izinombolo egrafini, uqhathanise izitshalo, futhi uvumele abafundi bachaze ukuthi kushintshe ini nokuthi kungani. Manje uhlelo selumelana usuku noma ezimbili lulodwa, okuyikho kanye okufunayo ngaphambi kwanoma yiliphi ikhefu.

Okumele uhambe nakho

I-hydroponics ekilasini ayidingi okuningi njengoba kubukeka uma nje wenza izinqumo ezilula kusenesikhathi. Khetha uhlelo olungajikelezisi, ulubeke lapho kunokukhanya okuhle eduze kwamanzi, utshale imifino enamaqabunga kuqala, bese uhlela isivuno ngokuhambisana nethemu namaholide alo kunokumelana nawo. Faka ukulinganisa ezifundweni zakho zeZibalo nezeSayensi ukuze iphrojekthi ikhokhele isikhathi eyithathayo, bese ishelufu elincane loletisi liba yisivivinyo esiqhubekayo esizibhalela lona uqobo isikole sonke esigcina sisibuka.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa

Yiziphi izitshalo okulula ukuqala ngazo?

Imifino enamaqabunga namakhambi. Uletisi, isipinashi, u-rocket, imifino yase-Asia, u-basil no-mint kukhula ngokushesha, kuhlala kumfishane futhi kuyaxolela lapho ukugcwalisa kweqiwa ngesinye isikhathi, futhi kungena ngaphakathi kwethemu elilodwa. Izitshalo ezithela izithelo ezifana notamatisi, upelepele nama-strawberry zishiye kuze kube ikilasi selinesivuno esisodwa esiphumelele.

Ingabe sidinga izibani ezikhethekile zokukhulisa izitshalo?

Akunjalo njalo. Ifasitela elinokukhanya kwemini okungaguquki livame ukwanela imifino enamaqabunga. Uma indawo yakho ekhona yodwa ifiphele, noma ukukhula kubukeka kwelulekile futhi kuphaphathekile, isibani esilula se-LED sokukhulisa izitshalo esisethaymeni yepulaki siyakulungisa futhi sigcine ukukhula kulingana ngisho nasezikhathini ezinamafu. Ukukhanya okungaguquki kungcono kunamahora ambalwa elanga eliqondile elihwaqabalayo.

Kwenzekani ohlelweni ngamaholide?

Hlela ukuthi isivuno siphele nethemu. Ngaphambi kwekhefu elide, vuna okusekulungele, uthulule uhlanze ithangi, bese uqala isivuno esilandelayo lapho wonke umuntu esebuyile. Uhlelo olungajikelezisi olugcwaliswe kahle lungadlula ikhefu elifushane eliphakathi kwamathemu, kodwa iholide lasehlobo lamasonto amahlanu lide kakhulu ukuthi ushiye uhlelo oluphilayo lungabhekiwe ekushiseni.

I-hydroponics yasekilasini ifanele iziphi izinga leminyaka?

Zonke izigaba, ngokujula okulungisiwe. Abafundi abancane bayatshala, banisele babuke, bachaze abakubonayo. Abafundi abadala bathatha ukulinganisa, ukwenza amagrafu nezilinganiso zezakhamzimba, bese abanesibindi kakhulu bengeza izinzwa nokubhalwa kwezilinganiso ukuze kube yiphrojekthi yokubhala ikhodi. Uma ufuna ukuqala ngokuqondiswa, isifundo sokuzama esisodwa sikuvumela ukuthi uzwe ukulandelana okuphelele ngaphambi kokuba wakhe olwakho.