Ikhithi yokuqala ye-Arduino noma ibhodi lemfundo elihlanganisa konke ezinganeni
Ezinganeni eziningi ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyishumi nambili, ibhodi lemfundo elihlanganisa konke liqedela izifundo eziningi ezisebenzayo; ikhithi yokuqala ye-Arduino izobuya izuzise kamuva, uma ukuxhuma izintambo ngokwakho sekuyiyona nto ofuna ukuyifundisa.
Impendulo emfushane
Ezinganeni eziningi ezingaphansi kweminyaka engaba yishumi nambili, ibhodi lemfundo elihlanganisa konke liqedela izifundo eziningi ezisebenzayo. Ikhithi yokuqala ye-Arduino evamile ithola indawo yayo kamuva, uma ukuxhunywa kwezintambo ngokwakho sekuyiyona nto ofuna ngempela ukuyifundisa. Womabili angamathuluzi amahle. Ahluleka ngezindlela ezehlukene, futhi yizo lezo zindawo ezingahluleka ezinquma ukuthi yiliphi eliphila ekilasini langempela.
Izintambo kuqala kuqhathaniswa nezinzwa ezakhelwe ngaphakathi
Ikhithi yokuqala ye-Arduino iyi-microcontroller kanye ne-breadboard nesikhwama sezingxenye ezikhululekile: izintambo zokuxhuma, ama-LED, ama-resistor, izinzwa ezimbalwa, mhlawumbe nemotho encane. Wonke umsebenzi uqala ngokwakha isekethe. Yilokho okuhlosiwe. Ukuxhuma izintambo yiso isifundo, futhi ingane ifunda ukuthi i-pull-up resistor yenzani ngoba i-LED ihlala imnyama ize ifake enye.
Ibhodi lemfundo elihlanganisa konke lithatha izinzwa nezikhiphi umqalisi azisebenzisa kakhulu bese lizibeka ebhodini elilodwa: izinkinobho, ama-LED, i-buzzer, inzwa yokukhanya noma yezinga lokushisa, ngokuvamile isikrini esincane nenzwa yokunyakaza, konke kuxhunywe ngaphakathi. Umfundi uchitha isifundo enakekela umqondo nekhodi, hhayi i-breadboard. Ukuhwebelana kucacile. Uzuza isikhathi sokusebenza bese ulahlekelwa yisifundo sikagesi esibambekayo.
Lapho izinto zingaphambuka khona ezinganeni ezincane
Umehluko uvela ngaso leso sikhathi izingane ezingamashumi amabili zivula amabhokisi azo. Ku-breadboard, kuningi okungahamba kabi ngaphambi kokuba kusebenze ngisho nomugqa owodwa wekhodi: intambo yokuxhuma esemgqeni ongafanele, i-LED efakwe ibheke emuva, i-resistor engekho, iphinini eligobile, intambo ebukeka ihleli kahle kodwa ingahlalanga. Uthisha oyedwa akakwazi ukuhlola ama-breadboard angamashumi amabili ngasikhathi sinye, futhi isifundo esiyimizuzu engamashumi amane singashabalala ekujahweni kwentambo exegayo.
Ibhodi elihlanganisiwe lisusa iningi lalezo zindawo ezingahluleka. Izinzwa sezixhunyiwe futhi azikwazi ukuxhunywa ngendlela engafanele, ngakho uma into ingasebenzi imbangela ihlala njalo iyikhodi, okuyikho kanye ofuna ukuthi umqalisi akulungise. Izinto ezivamile ezidla isikhathi sekilasi kumakhithi anezingxenye ezikhululekile:
- Izintambo zokuxhuma eziwayo noma ezihlala embotsheni engafanele
- Ama-LED nama-diode afakwe abheke ngendlela engafanele
- Ama-resistor angekho noma anenani elingafanele ashisa ingxenye
- Izingxenyana ezincane eziwela phansi etafuleni bese zilahleka
- Ugesi we-static noma ukuphatha ngendluzula okubulala i-chip engembozwanga
Intengo yesifundo ngasinye esisebenzayo, hhayi intengo esesitikeni
Inombolo ebalulekile akusiyo leyo ikhithi ebiza yona eshalofini. Yizindleko zesifundo ngasinye esifinyelela ngempela enhlosweni yokufunda. Ikhithi yokuqala eshibhile enezingxenye ezikhululekile ezingamashumi ingagcina ibiza kakhulu uma usubala izimpahla zokushintsha, isikhathi sikathisha nezifundo ezilahleka ngenxa yokuphuka kwezinsiza. Beka eceleni cishe amaphesenti ayishumi kuya kweyishumi nanhlanu entengo yekhithi enezingxenye ezikhululekile njalo ngonyaka ukuze uthenge izintambo, ama-LED nezixhumanisi zokushintsha, futhi ngaphezulu uma amakhithi ehamba phakathi kwamakilasi. Ibhodi elihlanganisa konke ngokuvamile linezinto ezimbalwa ezingalahleka noma ezingaphuka, ngakho izindleko zalo ngesifundo ngasinye esisebenzayo zihlala zilingana onyakeni wonke wesikole.
| Isici | Ikhithi yokuqala ye-Arduino | Ibhodi elihlanganisa konke |
|---|---|---|
| Isikhathi sokulungiselela ngesifundo ngasinye | Siphezulu: yakha isekethe kuqala | Siphansi: xhuma bese ubhala ikhodi |
| Izindawo ezingahluleka ngaphambi kokusebenza kwekhodi | Ziningi | Zimbalwa |
| Okuyikho ekufundisa kangcono | I-elekthronikhi namasekethe | Umqondo, ikhodi, ukuzwa |
| Izindleko eziqhubekayo zezimpahla zokushintsha | Ziphakeme | Ziphansi |
| Iminyaka engcono yokuqala | Cishe eyi-13 kuya phezulu | Cishe eyi-8 kuya phezulu |
Nini lapho ikhithi yokuqala ye-Arduino iyisinqumo esifanele
Akukho kulokhu okwenza amakhithi anezingxenye ezikhululekile abe yinto embi ukuyithenga. Ayisinqumo esingcono uma i-elekthronikhi kuyiso isifundo, hhayi into esiphazamisayo. Khetha ikhithi yokuqala ye-Arduino uma:
- Abafundi baneminyaka engaba yishumi nantathu noma ngaphezulu futhi sebekulungele ithiyori yamasekethe
- Inhloso kungamakhono obunjiniyela: i-voltage, i-current, ukuxhuma izintambo, nokushisela kamuva
- Ufundisa umuntu ngamunye noma emaqenjini amancane lapho idesika ngayinye ingahlolwa khona
- Abafundi baqonde emincintiswaneni yamarobhothi noma e-makerspace
Ekilasini elikhulu lezingane ezincane ezifunda ukubhala ikhodi, imali efanayo esatshalaliswa kumabhodi ahlanganisiwe ngokuvamile izothenga izifundo eziningi ezisebenza ngempela.
Ukuthi lokhu kubukeka kanjani ku-sheen
Izinsiza zethu zilandela indlela ehlanganisiwe. Ibhodi le-sheenbot infinity libeka izinzwa ezivamile, isikrini nezikhiphi ebhodini elilodwa, ukuze umqalisi akwazi ukubhala ikhodi esifundweni sokuqala esikhundleni sesesithathu. Ngaphambi kokuba kubandakanyeke noma yiziphi izinsiza, abafundi bangazama ikhodi yezingcezu efanayo kusiphequluli nge-simulator ye-verse, esusa ngokuphelele izindleko zokwephuka ngenkathi bezijwayeza. Uma ungathanda ukukubona ekilasini ngaphambi kokuthenga, isifundo sokuzama sase-academy sivumela ingane ukuthi isebenzise ibhodi kukhona uthisha, futhi amakhithi aphelele atholakala esitolo. Iseluleko esingenhla sisebenza noma ngabe ukhetha muphi umkhiqizo: fanisa ithuluzi neminyaka nento ofuna ngempela ukuthi ifundiswe.
Okumele ukuthathe
Khetha ngokubheka izindawo ezingahluleka nangezindleko zesifundo ngasinye esisebenzayo, hhayi ngenani lezingxenye ebhokisini. Ababhali bekhodi abasebancane namakilasi amakhulu ngokuvamile basizakala kangcono ngebhodi elihlanganisa konke elichitha isifundo licabanga. Abafundi abadala abafuna ukuqonda ugesi uqobo basizakala kangcono ngekhithi ye-Arduino eqala ngezintambo. Thenga leyo okuthi ukwehluleka kwayo kufundise isifundo ozama ngempela ukusinikeza.
Imibuzo evamile
Ingabe izingane ezincane zingayisebenzisa i-Arduino?
Yebo, uma zibhekwe eduze futhi amasekethe esakhiwe kusengaphambili, kodwa ulahlekelwa ingxenye enkulu yesizathu sokusebenzisa izingxenye ezikhululekile kwasekuqaleni. Uma umuntu omdala ezixhumela zona, ibhodi elihlanganisiwe lenza umsebenzi ofanayo kube nezinto ezimbalwa ezingaphambuka.
Ingabe ibhodi elihlanganisa konke liyabakhawulela kamuva?
Cha, akunjalo neze. Amakhono okubhala ikhodi adluliseleka ngqo, futhi iningi labafundi abaqala kwibhodi elihlanganisiwe lidlulela kuma-breadboard nasemasekethe azenzelwe uma sebefuna ukwakha amaphrojekthi abo. Ukuqala kalula akuwubeki umkhawulo phezulu.
Kuthiwani ngokuthengela ekhaya kunokuthengela ikilasi?
Ekhaya ungabheka ingane eyodwa eduze, ngakho ikhithi yokuqala isebenzeka kangcono kunasekilasini lezingane ezingamashumi amabili. Noma kunjalo, uma inhloso kuwukubhala ikhodi kunokuba yi-elekthronikhi, ibhodi elihlanganisiwe lifika ngokushesha engxenyeni emnandi futhi liyakwazi ukumelana nokupakishwa phakathi kwezikhathi zokusebenza.
