Iintyatyambo zivuthuka kwizityalo ze-hydroponics zaseklasini—inkqubo iingcali zezityalo eziyibiza ngokuba yi-abscission—ngenxa yesinye sezizathu ezithathu ezicacileyo: umgubo wembali (pollen) awuzange ushukunyiswe ngokwasemzimbeni ukuze ufikelele kwi-stigma yentsikazi, isisombululo sezondlo sinenitrogen eninzi kakhulu ekukhuleni kokuvelisa iziqhamo, okanye izibane zokukhulisa ezivalekileyo zinyuse amaqondo obushushu e-canopy ngaphezu kwama-30°C, nto leyo eyenza umgubo ungabi namveliso (sterile). Kwiinkqubo zaseklasini ezilithoba kwezilishumi ezikhulisa izityalo ezizithwalisa umgubo ngokwazo ezifana neetumato ezimfutshane (dwarf tomatoes), iipepile eziswiti, okanye itshili, owona nobangela ungowona ulula: iklasi izole tu, kwaye akukho mntu uhlunguzela ezo ntyatyambo.

1. Umiqobo Womatshini: Kutheni Umgubo Wangaphakathi Uhlala Uvalelekile

Izilimo ezikhethwa rhoqo kwiinkqubo ze-hydroponics zasezikolweni—iitumato, itshili, kunye neepepile (amalungu osapho lweSolanaceae)—zineentyatyambo ezipheleleyo (perfect flowers). Oko kuthetha ukuba intyatyambo nganye iqulethe izakhiwo zenzala zendoda (anther) nezentsikazi (stigma). Azifuni nyosi yobusi ukuthutha umgubo kwelinye icala legumbi ivela kwesinye isityalo. Nangona kunjalo, umgubo wazo ubanjwe ngokuqinileyo ngaphakathi kwityhubhu emxinwa yee-anther ezidityanisiweyo.

Ngaphandle, mibini imikhosi ekhulula loo mgubo: ukushukuma komoya okungapheliyo kunye nokungcangcazela kwesandi kweenyosi zeplanga (carpenter bees) okanye iibhamblibhi ezityeleleyo ('buzz pollination', edla ngokungcangcazela malunga ne-100 ukuya kwi-400 Hz). Ngaphakathi eklasini evalekileyo, akukho moya, kwaye izinambuzane ezincedayo azikho kwaphela. Intyatyambo edubula phantsi komoya ozolileyo nongashukumiyo wangaphakathi iya kuhlala ingadityaniswanga nenzala (unfertilised). Emva kweentsuku ezimalunga nesithathu ukuya kwezintlanu ingafumananga nzala, isityalo senza indawo encinci yokuvuthuka (abscission zone) edibanisa isiqu sentyatyambo (pedicel joint, 'ingqiniba' yesikhondo sentyatyambo), ize intyatyambo etyheli igqabhuke icocekile iphume.

2. Umkhethe weNitrogen: Umgibe Wokukhula Kwamagqabi Kuphela

Ukuba izityalo zakho zinamagqabi amakhulu, aluhlaza kakhulu neziqu ezingqindilili, kodwa iintyatyambo zazo ziba tyheli zize zivuthuke kwakamsinya zakubonakala, idama lezondlo lidla ngokuba yingxaki. Iiprojekthi ze-hydroponics zaseklasini zihlala zixhomekeke kumxube wezondlo wenjongo-zonke owenzelwe imifuno enamagqabi efana neletisi nespinatshi. Le mixube iqulethe initrogen (N) eninzi kakhulu.

Initrogen ikhuthaza ukwahlukana kweeseli ngamandla kunye nobuninzi bamaselula amagqabi (vegetative biomass). Xa isityalo sitshintsha ekukhuleni kwamagqabi sisiya ekudubuleni nasekuveliseni imbewu neziqhamo, imfuneko yaso yenitrogen yehla kakhulu, ngelixa imfuneko yaso yephosphorus (P) nepotassium (K) inyuka ngamandla. Amanqanaba aphezulu e-nitrogen aqhubekayo abonisa isityalo ukuba iimeko zithanda ukwanda kwamagqabi kunokuveliswa kwembewu. Phantsi kwalo mkhwa weehomoni, isityalo sithatha iintyatyambo ezisakhulayo njengezinto ezingabalulekanga kangako, sizikhuphe ngenjongo yokukhulisa amanye amagqabi ngaphezulu.

3. Imozulu Engaphakathi yeCanopy: Umgibe Wobushushu Phantsi Kwezibane

Izibane zokukhulisa ezivalekileyo zenza uxinzelelo lobushushu lwasekhaya olunganqabileyo ukubhaliswa kwithemometha exhonywe eludongeni lweklasi. EMzantsi Afrika, amagumbi okufundela afulelwe ngamashiti entsimbi (corrugated iron roofs) okanye iifestile ezinkulu ezinomphambili ojonge emntla zihlala zifumana amaqondo obushushu begumbi afikelela kuma-28°C emva kwemini ngamaxesha entwasahlobo nehlobo acwebileyo. Phantsi kwe-LED okanye isibane se-fluorescent esixhonywe kwi-15 cm ngaphezu kwe-canopy, imozulu encinci ekwinqanaba leentyatyambo inokuhlala ngokulula kwi-4°C ukuya kwi-7°C ngaphezulu.

Xa iintyatyambo zetumato nezepepile zifumana amaqondo obushushu aqhubekayo angaphezulu kwama-30°C—okanye xa amaqondo obushushu asebusuku engaphumeleli ukuhla ngaphantsi kwama-24°C—amasuntswana omgubo aba namathe okanye angafumani nzala kwaphela (sterile). Nokuba ukungcangcazelisa ngomatshini kuyenzeka, umgubo ongenakukhula awunakuntshula kwi-stigma, ize intyatyambo ivuthuke ingavelisanga siqhamo. Ngethuba leempelaveki xa isikolo sivaliwe kwaye kungekho moya uhambayo okanye xa ucinyo-kuhlangulwa lombane (load-shedding) lucima iifeni zokukhupha umoya ngawona maxesha ashushu osuku, lonke ikroza leentyatyambo ezivulekileyo linokwenziwa lingabi namveliso kwimva kwemini nje enye.

Isiqhelo Semizuzwana engama-90 Semihla Ngemihla Sabafundi

Ukulungisa ukuvuthuka kweentyatyambo akufuni zithinteli-zinambuzane okanye izitshizi zehomoni ezibiza kakhulu zorhwebo. Kufuna umsebenzi ocwangcisiweyo waseklasini abanokuwenza abafundi ngexesha lokubhalisa kwasekuseni. Umgubo wetumato nowepepile ukhululeka ngcono phakathi ko-09:00 no-11:30, emva kokuba ukufuma komoya kuhle kancinci kwincopho yako yasekuseni.

• Ukubetha Isiqu (Amabanga R–3): Yalela abafundi ukuba babethe ngobunono ikroza eliphambili leentyatyambo kanye ngasemva kweentyatyambo ezivulekileyo ngomnwe wokukhomba kabini. Ukuba i-engile yokukhanya ichanekile, abafundi baya kubona ngamehlo ilifu elincinci lothuli olutyheli oluphaphathekayo luphuma kwintyatyambo.
• Indlela ye-Bhrashi yamazinyo yoMbane (Amabanga 4–9): Gcina ibhrashi yamazinyo yombane esebenzisa ibhetri engabizi kakhulu ecaleni kwenkqubo. Abafundi bachukumisa ngobunono umva ongcangcazelayo wentloko yebhrashi (hayi iinwele zebhrashi) kwisikhondo esixhasayo okanye phezulu kwikroza leentyatyambo isekhondi enye ukuya kwezimbini. Ukungcangcazela okunamandla amakhulu kuxelisa izihlunu zokubhabha zebhamblibhi ngokugqibeleleyo kwaye kukhuphela i-anther ngomzuzwana nje omfutshane.
• Inkqubo ye-Bhrashi eNcinci (Iipepile neCucurbits): Kwitshili nakwiipepile ezinkulu (bell peppers), apho umgubo unokuba lukhuni ukukhululeka, abafundi banokujikelezisa ngobunono ibhrashi yokupeyinta ethambileyo yomzobi yobukhulu obungu-0 kumbindi wentyatyambo nganye evulekileyo, behambisa umgubo ngqo kwi-stigma esembindini enamathelayo.

Ukunika abafundi ababini umsebenzi wokuthwalisa umgubo ngomatshini qho kusasa phakathi ko-09:00 no-10:00 kuguqula ukusilela kwezityalo kube sisifundo semihla ngemihla kwinzala yezityalo nakumatshini.

Ukulungiselela Inkqubo Ukuze Ivelise Iziqhamo

Ukuba imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla yokuthwalisa umgubo ayiyisombululi ingxaki kwisithuba seentsuku ezilishumi, vavanya imo yamanzi nomoya ngokungqalileyo. Qwalasela ukuba isibane simi ubuncinane kwi-25 ukuya kwi-30 cm ngaphezu kwelona kroza leentyatyambo liphakamileyo ukunqanda ukutshisa izicwili zenzala. Ukuba iklasi inuka umhlaba kwaye ifudumele, faka ifeni yedesika elula ye-12V eqhagamshelwe kwisibali-xesha sakho se-hydroponic ukugcina umoya uhamba kuwo onke amagqabi kangangemizuzu elishumi kwengama-30 nganye.

Okokugqibela, qwalasela idama lakho lamanzi. Ukuba ubukade ugalela ngaphezulu kwibhetshi enye yesisombululo sezondlo kangangeeveki ngaphandle kokukhuphela konke uphinde ugcwalise ngokutsha, iityuwa zezondlo ziya kube zingasekelwanga ngendlela eyiyo. Khuphela amanzi etankini uze uyizalise kwakhona ngomxube olungeleleneyo wokudubula owenzelwe umlinganiselo ophantsi wenitrogen xa ithelekiswa nepotassium. Ukuba isikolo sakho simisela iibhedi zokuvelisa ezisebenza ngokuzenzekelayo okanye sidibanisa i-othomeshini yezolimo kwikharityhulam yenu, ungafumana izixhobo zaseklasini ezilungiselelweyo kunye nezivamvo (sensors) zezolimo ku-Sheen Robotics Hydroponics.

Intyatyambo evuthukileyo ayisosiphelo; luphawu olucacileyo lokuxilonga olubonisa ukuba nokuba yintshukumo ebonakalayo yaseklasini okanye ikhemistri yedama ifuna uhlengahlengiso olwenziwe ngenjongo.