Ushiya nini ikhowudi yeebhloko udlulele kwiPython: iimpawu ezintathu zokwenene zokuba umfundi ekulungele
Ukutshintshela umntwana kwiPython kwangethuba sesona sizathu siqhelekileyo sokuba ayeke ukukhowuda. Funda ngeempawu ezibonakalayo zengqondo nezezandla ezingqina ukuba usekulungele ukubhala inkqubo ngombhalo.
Impendulo emfutshane yile: umntwana kufuneka umtshintshele ekubhaleni inkqubo ngeebhloko (njengeScratch) uye kwiPython esekelwe kumbhalo xa esele ethintelwa sisantya sokutsala iibhloko ngesandla, hayi xa efikelela kwiminyaka ethile. Ubudala ngumlinganiselo ombi kakhulu wokujonga ukuba umfundi useyilungele na i-syntax.
Ukunyanzela umntwana angene kwiPython kwangoko sesona sizathu siqhelekileyo sokuba abafundi abaselula bayishiye isayensi yeekhompyutha. Kwikhowudi yeebhloko, iimpazamo ze-syntax azinakwenzeka; iibhloko azingeni kwaphela xa ikhowudi ingenakusebenza. Kodwa iPython izisa "udonga lwe-syntax"—apho i-colon enye eshiyekileyo, indawo yokuqala umgca engahambelaniyo, okanye unobumba omncinci endaweni yomkhulu, ibangela ukuba yonke inkqubo iwe. Ukuba umfundi akakabi nawo amaqhinga athile engqondo nawezandla, olu donga lwesiquphe lwemiyalezo yeempazamo lubulala msinyane umdla wakhe.
Iimpawu ezintathu ezibonakalayo zokuba umfundi useyilungele iPython
Phambi kokuba wenze utshintsho, khangela ezi ndlela zintathu zokuziphatha kwiiprojekthi zakhe zekhowudi yeebhloko:
- Ulungisa iimpazamo ngokufunda, hayi ngokuqashela: Xa inkqubo yeebhloko ingasebenzi, ngaba umntwana uyema, afunde unqwaba lweebhloko ngokulandelelana, aze afumane impazamo yengqiqo? Okanye utshintshatshintsha iibhloko nje ngokungakhethiyo, enethemba lokufumana isiphumo esahlukileyo? Ukuba usasebenzisa indlela yokuqashela-uze-uvavanye, imiyalezo yeempazamo yePython engabonakaliyo iza kumgqiba. Kufuneka akwazi ukufunda ikhowudi njengemephu ngaphambi kokuba ayibhale njengombhalo.
- Ufaka ingqiqo ngaphakathi kwenye ngaphandle kobunzima: Umfundi osele ekulungele unokuyifaka lula intetho ethi "if" ngaphakathi kwe-loop ethi "repeat", nayo leyo ifakwe ngaphakathi kwenye i-loop, engabhideki xa eyijonga. Uyakuqonda ukulandelelana kwezinyathelo xa inkqubo iqhuba.
- Ucaphukiswa yimawusi: Le yeyona mpawu icacileyo. Xa umntwana ekhalaza esithi ukutsala iibhloko kuthatha ixesha elide kakhulu, okanye xa ekwazi ukucacisa i-algorithm entsonkothileyo ngomlomo kodwa engathandi ukuyakha ngeebhloko ezingamashumi amabini ezahlukeneyo, sele ekulungele. Ingqondo yakhe ihamba ngokukhawuleza ngaphezu kwemawusi yakhe.
Umqobo wekhibhodi kumagumbi okufundela oMzantsi Afrika
EMzantsi Afrika sinomqobo owahlukileyo wezandla: izakhono zokuchwetheza. Abafundi abaninzi kwizikolo zethu abanazo iikhompyutha zabo ngaphandle kwelo xesha lincinci belilabhoratri, oko kuthetha ukuba ukuchwetheza ungajonganga akufane kube yinto abayenza ngokulula. Xa umfundi etshintshela kwiPython, kufuneka ngequbuliso asebenzise izitshixo ebengazange azifune ngaphambili: ii-colon, ii-semi-colon, iimpawu zokucaphula ezinye, iibrakethi ezimakona, kunye nokuqala umgca kwindawo echanekileyo esebenzisa iqhosha le-Tab.
Ukuba umntwana uchitha amashumi asibhozo eepesenti amandla akhe engqondo ekhangela iqhosha le-shift ne-colon kwikhibhodi yesikolo esele iguge, akasashiyekelwanga mandla engqondo okufunda ingqiqo ye-loop okanye ii-variable. Phambi kokuba utyhalele umfundi kwiPython, qinisekisa ukuba uyakwazi ukuchwetheza isivakalisi esilula ngaphandle kokujonga iminwe yakhe imizuzwana elishumi kwigama ngalinye. Ukuchwetheza asisakhono sokukhowuda, kodwa sisigcini-sango sokwenene sokungena kwikhowudi esekelwe kumbhalo.
Ingozi yotshintsho olwenziwa ngesiquphe
Izikolo ezininzi nabazali benza impazamo yokuyeka iibhloko ngoLwesihlanu baze baqale iPython ngoMvulo. Olu tshintsho lukhawulezileyo ludala ukuhla okukhulu kwentembelo. Umntwana usuka ekwenzeni imidlalo etyebileyo, ephendulanayo enesandi nemifanekiso eshukumayo kwiScratch aye ekuprinteni "Hello, World" kwifestile emnyama ye-terminal. Kumntwana oneminyaka elishumi elinanye, oku kuvakala ngathi linyathelo elikhulu lokubuyela umva, hayi elokuya phambili.
Isisombululo yibhulorho ebonisa zombini iindlela ngaxeshanye. Abafundi kufuneka basebenzise indawo apho banokubona khona ingqiqo yeebhloko abayibonayo kunye nekhowudi yePython ehambelana nayo ecaleni kwayo. Yiyo loo nto siyile iqonga Sheen Canvas, elivumela abafundi ukuba bakhe ngeebhloko ngelixa bebona, behlela kwaye beqhuba ikhowudi yePython eveliswayo. Liyayicacisa i-syntax ngokubonisa ukuba ibhloko nomgca wombhalo zenza umsebenzi omnye kanye.
Uluhlu olusebenzayo lokujonga ukuba usekulungele na
Sebenzisa olu thelekiso lulula ukugqiba ngenyathelo lakho elilandelayo:
| Indlela yokuziphatha oyibonayo | Hlala kwiibhloko | Yiya kwiPython |
|---|---|---|
| Ukujongana neempazamo | Utshintshatshintsha iibhloko ngokungakhethiyo xa ikhowudi ingasebenzi. | Ufunda ikhowudi umgca ngomgca ukufumana impazamo. |
| Ubunzima beprojekthi | Usokola ukulawula iibhloko ezingaphezu kwe-20. | Wakha iindlela zengqiqo ezintsonkothileyo, ezinemaleko emininzi. |
| Ukuchwetheza | Ukhangela oonobumba abasisiseko ngomnwe ngamnye. | Ukhululekile ekusebenziseni i-Shift, iibrakethi, nee-colon. |
| Isimo sengqondo | Uyakuthanda ukudlala okubonakalayo koyilo lweebhloko. | Ukhalaza esithi ukutsala iibhloko kucotha kakhulu. |
Ukuba umfundi wakho ungena kwikholam ethi "Hlala kwiibhloko", ungamngxamisi. Kukho ubunzulu obukhulu besayensi yeekhompyutha kwikhowudi yeebhloko—kubandakanya ii-variable, uluhlu, nemisebenzi. Ukuba ungena kwikholam ethi "Yiya kwiPython", mqalise ngeqonga elidibeneyo eligcina intembelo yakhe ngelixa esazi kakuhle indlela esebenza ngayo i-syntax.
