Ukusuka kwiLEGO ukuya kwi-FTC: Yintoni ngokwenene efunwa lolu tsibelo kwizikolo zaseMzantsi Afrika
Ukutshintshela kwiirobhothi zeLEGO usiya kwiFIRST Tech Challenge asilonyathelo elincinci—lutsibelo olukhulu kwisakhiwo nakubuchwepheshe. Nazi iindleko, izinto eziza kwaphuka, nendlela yokusinda kolu tshintsho.
Ukuba isikolo sakho sesiqhube amaqela e-LEGO Mindstorms okanye e-SPIKE Prime kangangeezizini ezimbalwa, mhlawumbi sele ufike esiphelweni. Abafundi bakho abadala bangakwazi ukwakha umlandeli-mgca bevale amehlo, sebedikwe ziipini zeplastiki, kwaye bajonge kwi-FIRST Tech Challenge (FTC).
Masithethe inyaniso ngokupheleleyo: utshintsho ukusuka kwi-LEGO ukuya kwi-FTC alulonyathelo lokunyuka eleleni. Lutsibelo lokuwela umsele onzulu. Ukusuka kwiplastiki encamathelanayo usiya kwiitshaneli zentsimbi, kwizixhobo zombane zomgangatho wemveliso, nasekubhaleni ikhowudi yeJava esekwe kumbhalo kufuna utshintsho olusisiseko kuhlahlo-lwabiwo-mali, kwindawo yokusebenza, nakwifilosofi yokufundisa.
Ukuba uphatha i-FTC ngathi "yi-LEGO enkulu," iqela lakho liya kugqibela linenqwaba ebizayo yeziskrufu ezonakeleyo, iibhetri ezifileyo, nabafundi abadinwe zizinto. Kodwa ukuba ulungiselela iyantlukwano yezakhiwo, ngawona mava obunjineli avuzayo isikolo esiphakamileyo esinokuwanikeza. Nantsi into eyifunayo ngokwenene olu tsibelo.
Umsantsa Wobuchwepheshe: Iplastiki Ngokuchasene Nentsimbi
I-LEGO yenzelwe ukuba yoyisakale ngokukhuselekileyo. Ukuba igiya iyaxinga, iklatshi iyatyibilika okanye imoto iyema ngaphandle kokutsha. Ukuba isakhiwo sibuthathaka, siyagoba okanye saphuke ngaphandle komonakalo.
Iirobhothi ze-FTC ngoomatshini abanzima, abahamba ngesantya, abenziwe nge-aluminiyam nangentsimbi, abaqhutywa ziimoto ze-matrix ze-12 volt. Xa izinto zihamba kakubi apha, zaphuka ngokusisigxina. Ii-axle ziyahluthwa amazinyo, iigiya ziyanqamka, kwaye iibhokisi zegiya zeemoto ziyaqhekeka phantsi kwe-torque ephezulu.
Abafundi bakho baya kufuneka bafunde imigaqo yokwenene yobunjineli bemitshini:
- Ukwakha okusekelwe kwiipatheni: Uya kutshintshela kwiinkqubo zezakhiwo ezifana ne-GoBILDA okanye i-REV Robotics. Ezi zisebenzisa iipatheni zegridi ezithile (njengegridi ye-8mm) kwaye zifuna izitshixo ze-hex, ii-locknut, kunye nolwelo lokutshixa imisonto ukuze zingaqhawuki ngenxa yokungcangcazela.
- Ukwenza iinxalenye zakho: Ngokungafaniyo ne-LEGO, i-FTC ivumela iinxalenye ezenziwe ngokwezifiso. Amaqela aphumelelayo akhawuleza aqonde ukuba afuna iibrakethi eziprintwe nge-3D, iipleyiti ze-acrylic ezisikwe ngelaser, okanye ii-flap zokungenisa ze-polycarbonate ezenziwe ngoomatshini ukuze ahlale ekwazi ukukhuphisana.
- Ifiziksi eqinileyo: Irobhothi ye-15kg ehamba ngeemitha ezi-2 ngomzuzwana inamandla okuhamba amakhulu. Amaqela kufuneka ayile ecinga ngokungqubana, ngokuqina kwesakhiwo, nangembindi wobunzima.
Utshintsho Kwinkqubo Yolawulo Nakwisoftwe
Kwi-LEGO, "ingqondo" yihabhu enye edibanisa ngqo nelaptop ngeBluetooth okanye nge-USB. Ukubhala ikhowudi kudla ngokuba ziibloko ezisekwe kwiScratch.
Inkqubo yolawulo ye-FTC ngumnatha wezixhobo ezimbini. Irobhothi ilawulwa yi-REV Control Hub (eyona nto iyiyo yikhompyutha ye-Android eqhuba iizibuko ezikhethekileyo zokungenisa nokukhupha). Le nto inxibelelana ngoqhagamshelo lweWi-Fi Direct olubekelwe bucala ne-Driver Station—mhlawumbi isixhobo sesibini se-Android okanye isilawuli esiphathwa ngesandla esibekelwe bucala—esidibaniswe neegamepad ezimbini ze-USB.
Olu yilo luzisa iingxaki zokwenene ze-IT. Kwimeko eqhelekileyo yesikolo saseMzantsi Afrika, iinethiwekhi zeWi-Fi zesikolo ze-WPA2-Enterprise ziya kuyivala okanye ziphazamise imiqondiso yeWi-Fi Direct. Iqela lakho liya kufuneka lifunde indlela yokulawula iitshaneli ezingenazintambo, ukusombulula ukukhutshwa kombane osisigxina okumisa iimodyuli ze-USB, nokulawula uhlaziyo lwefemwe kwizixhobo ezininzi.
Kwicala lesoftwe, nangona ukubhala ikhowudi ngeebloko kunokwenzeka kwi-FTC, yindlela evalekileyo kumaqela akhuphisanayo. Ukuze bafumane okuninzi kwizivamvo, kwii-encoder, nakwiziseko zokuqhuba ezintsonkothileyo (njengamavili e-Mecanum), abafundi kufuneka babhale i-Java yokwenyani. Baya kufuneka batshintshele ekubhaleni ikhowudi ngombhalo, ekulawuleni iinguqulelo besebenzisa i-Git, nakwiindawo zophuhliso ezidibeneyo (ii-IDE) ezifana ne-Android Studio.
Ukuthelekisa Ezi Nkqubo Zimbini
Ukuze uqonde ubungakanani bolu tshintsho, khawucinge ngendlela ezithelekisana ngayo ezi zixhobo zimbini ngokusebenzayo:
| Uphawu | Iirobhothi zeLEGO (FLL) | FIRST Tech Challenge (FTC) |
|---|---|---|
| Izinto Eziphambili | Iplastiki ye-ABS (i-LEGO engenazitadi) | Iitshaneli ze-aluminiyam, ii-shaft zentsimbi, iiprinti ze-3D ezenziwe ngokwezifiso |
| Ukubhala Ikhowudi | Iibloko zeScratch / iPython elula | IJava (ngeOnBot Java okanye ngeAndroid Studio) |
| Izishukumisi | Ukuya kwiimoto ze-servo ezi-4 eziphakathi okanye ezinkulu | Ukuya kwiimoto ze-DC ezi-8 ezine-torque ephezulu + iimoto ze-servo eziyi-12 |
| Umthombo Wamandla | Ibhetri encinci ye-Li-ion etshajwayo | Iphakethe lebhetri ye-12V Slim NiMH okanye ye-LiFePO4 |
| Indawo Yokusebenza Efunekayo | Idesika eqhelekileyo yeklasi | Ibhentshi yeworkshop ebekelwe bucala nebala eliyi-3.6m x 3.6m |
| Ixabiso Eliqhelekileyo Lokuqala | R9,000 - R12,000 | R45,000 - R80,000 (kubandakanya izixhobo zombane & izixhobo zokusebenza) |
Iinyaniso Zemeko YaseMzantsi Afrika
Ukuqhuba iqela le-FTC eMzantsi Afrika kuzisa imiqobo ethile yasekhaya ekufuneka uyicwangcisele:
- Ucimacima wombane: Ngokungafaniyo neehabhu ze-LEGO ezinokutshajwa ngesitshaja sefowuni, i-FTC isebenzisa iibhetri ezinzima ze-12V. Izitshaja zifuna umbane ozinzileyo weendonga kwaye zithatha iiyure ukulinganisa iiseli. Ukuba isikolo sakho asinayo i-inverter okanye amandla elanga okuxhasa, ukunqunyanyiswa kombane ngequbuliso ngexesha lokwakha kunokumisa uvavanyo ngoko nangoko.
- Amakhonkco okuthengisa: Awunakuya nje evenkileni yeethoyi ekufuphi uyokuthenga i-GoBILDA dual-block mount entsha okanye ihabhu ye-REV entsha. Phantse zonke izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ze-FTC zithengwa phesheya. Ukuba wonakalisa igiya ebalulekileyo kwiveki phambi kwetumente yesizwe, awunakuyifumana lula endaweni yayo apha ekhaya. Kufuneka ufunde ukugcina uvimba wezinto zokutshintsha.
- Uhlahlo-lwabiwo-mali: Isizini yokuqala enokukhuphisana ifuna imali eninzi. Phakathi kwekhithi yokuqala, izixhobo zombane zolawulo, iigamepad, izixhobo zokusebenza, kunye neentlawulo zokubhalisa kwitumente, ujonge kuhlahlo-lwabiwo-mali lokuqala olungenani lweR50,000.
Ukuba uzama ukuqonda kanye ukuba zeziphi iinxalenye omawuzi-odole ukuze uphephe ukungenisa izixhobo ezingafanelekanga, ungajonga kwi-Sheen Robotics Store yethu ekhethiweyo apho sigcina khona iinxalenye neekhithi zasekhaya ezivunyelwe kukhuphiswano ukuze siphephe ubunzima becustoms.
Isikhokelo Sotshintsho Inyathelo Ngenyathelo
Ukuba isikolo sakho silungele ukwenza olu tsibelo, sukuzama ukwenza yonke into ngenyanga enye. Sicebisa indlela eyenziwa ngamanqanaba kunyaka wonke wemfundo.
Inqanaba 1: Unyaka Wokudibanisa
Sukuzibeka bucala iikhithi zakho ze-LEGO okwangoku. Ngeli xesha abafundi bakho abadala begqiba isizini yabo yokugqibela ye-FLL, bazise ekubhaleni ikhowudi ngombhalo. Banyanzele ukuba babhalele iirobhothi zabo ze-LEGO ngePython endaweni yeebloko. Oku kubafundisa isintaksi sokubhala ikhowudi okusekwe kwizinto (object-oriented) ngaphandle kobunzima bezixhobo ze-FTC.
Inqanaba 2: Ukuxhoba Ngezixhobo
Phambi kokuba uthenge irobhothi, thenga izixhobo zokusebenza. Iqela le-FTC lifuna indawo yokusebenza ebekelwe bucala. Uya kufuna ii-hex driver zemetriki (ngokukodwa eziyi-1.5mm, eziyi-2.0mm, neziyi-2.5mm), iispanela ezidibeneyo, isarha yentsimbi okanye isixhobo esijikelezayo sokusika ii-shaft, i-multimeter yedijithali, kunye neprinta ye-3D esisiseko yeenkxaso ezenziwe ngokwezifiso.
Inqanaba 3: Ukwakha Isakhelo
Qala ngekhithi ye-drivetrain esele ivavanyiwe kunokuba uyile ukusuka ekuqaleni. Ukwakha isiseko esilula sokuqhuba se-Mecanum esinamavili amane usebenzisa ikhithi yeenxalenye kuvumela abafundi ukuba baqonde indlela esebenza ngayo imitshini yekhonkco, yebhanti, okanye yegiya phambi kokuba bazame ukuyila iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo zokungenisa okanye zokuphakamisa.
Kwizikolo ezifuna isikhokelo esicwangcisiweyo kolu tshintsho, sinikeza uqeqesho olusebenzayo neenkqubo zokucebisa ezenzelwe ngqo ukunceda ootitshala bawele esi sikhewu ngokukhuselekileyo kwi-Sheen Robotics FTC Support.
Isigqibo: Ngaba Kufanelekile?
Ewe, ukufunda kunzima, kwaye ewe, isizini yokuqala iya kuvakala inesiphithiphithi. Kodwa inzuzo yemfundo ayifani nanto.
Xa umfundi ephumelela ukubhala indlela ezimeleyo esebenzisa i-road-runner localization, okanye eyila isixhobo sokungenisa asiprinte ngokwakhe nge-3D, abasadlali ngeethoyi zemfundo. Benza ubunjineli bokwenene, obusemgangathweni weshishini. Ukuba isikolo sakho sinendawo, sinemali, kwaye sinomcebisi okulungeleyo ukufunda kunye nabafundi, ukutsibela kwi-FTC lolona tyalo-mali lulungileyo ongalwenza kwisebe lakho le-STEM.
