NGOKUFUTSHANE

• Izikhitha ziyindleko ebonakalayo. Iindawo ezifihlakeleyo – izinto zokutshintsha, ukutshaja, ugcino, uqeqesho lootitshala nemali yokusitha iingxaki ezingalindelekanga – zizo ezigqiba ukuba ingaba ilebhu isasebenza na kunyaka wesibini.
• Bhajethela izinto zokutshintsha nezisetyenziswayo malunga ne-10 ukuya ku-15% wemali oyichitha kwizikhitha minyaka le, uze ugcine i-5 ukuya ku-10% yeemeko ezingalindelekanga.
• Yakha ngamanyathelo kwiminyaka emithathu: qala ngovavanyo ngeseti enye yeklasi, wandise ude ugubungele lonke ithayimtheyibhile, uze wandise ubunzulu ngeeprojekthi nokhuphiswano.
• Sebenzisa iqonga elinye eliqinileyo kuso sonke isikolo ukuze izinto zokutshintsha, uqeqesho nokucwangciswa kwezifundo kuhlale kulula.
• Izibonelelo nentsebenziswano zingazihlawulela izixhobo, kodwa iindleko zokuqhuba zona zicwangcise kwibhajethi yesikolo sakho kwasekuqaleni.

Ilebhu yeerobhothi esikolweni ixabisa ngaphezu kwebhokisi yezikhitha, kwaye izikolo eziphelelwa ngamandla ngokuqhelekileyo zezo zibhajethele ibhokisi kuphela. Kufika iseti yeklasi, ikota yokuqala ihambe kakuhle, emva koko kwaphuke ii-motor ezimbalwa, kuduke itshaja, athathe elinye ithuba utitshala omnye oqeqeshiweyo, ize itroli igqibele igcinwe kwigumbi lokugcina izinto. Isisombululo asiyomali eyongezelelweyo. Yibhajethi ebiza ngamagama yonke into yokwenyani kwangaphambili, ize isasaze ukuchithwa kwemali kwiminyaka embalwa. Esi sikhokelo sihamba nazo ezo ndawo, sikunika ulandelelwano oluqiqileyo lokuthenga, size sichaze indlela yokufumana imali.

Qala ngenjongo yokufundisa, hayi ngoluhlu lweempahla zokuthenga

Phambi kokuba uqale ngamaxabiso, bhala phantsi into ofuna abafundi bakwazi ukuyenza ekupheleni konyaka, nokuba zingaphi iiklasi eziza kulisebenzisa ngokwenene eli gumbi veki nganye. Ilebhu esebenzela iqela elinye lezinto zongezelelweyo ifuna okuncinci kakhulu kunaleyo ithwala izifundo zamabakala amathathu akwithayimtheyibhile. Eso sigqibo sinye – inani labasebenzisi abakhoyo ngaxeshanye – silawula ubungakanani beseti yeklasi, ize iseti yeklasi ilawule phantse yonke enye into.

Iyunithi esebenzayo yokucwangcisa liqelana: abafundi ababini ukuya kwabathathu babelane ngesikhitha esinye. Kwiklasi enabafundi abangamashumi amathathu oko kuthetha izikhitha ezilishumi ukuya kwelishumi elinesihlanu isifundo ngasinye. Ukuba amabakala amabini abelana ngeli gumbi ngeentsuku ezitshintshanayo, iseti enye yeklasi isenokuwakhonza omabini, ukuba nje ugcino nokutshaja kwakho kunako ukubuyisela izikhitha esimeni phakathi kwezifundo. Fumana umlinganiselo ochanekileyo womfundi kwisikhitha, kuze konke okunye kwebhajethi kulungelelane.

Iindawo zokwenene zebhajethi (into elityalwa ngamaqela)

Nantsi inkcazo enyanisekileyo. Amanani angezantsi ngamacandelo ocwangciso ebhajethi yonyaka wokuqala, hayi amaxabiso amiselweyo – ayatshintsha ngokomthengisi wakho nangokwefanitshala esele ikho esikolweni sakho, kodwa ubume bawo buhlala bunjalo.

Indawo yebhajethi	Icandelo elimalunga lonyaka wokuqala	Iyaphindaphinda?	Into ejongelwa phantsi ngamaqela
Izikhitha (iseti yeklasi)	Eyona ndawo inkulu	Hayi, kodwa zitshintshwa ngokujikeleza kwexesha	Ukuthenga ezimbalwa kakhulu ukuze kuqhutywe iklasi epheleleyo ngesikhitha esinye kwiqelana ngalinye
Izinto zokutshintsha nezisetyenziswayo	I-10 ukuya ku-15% wemali yezikhitha	Ewe, minyaka le	Iintambo, amavili, iisensa neebhetri zizo ezifa kuqala; ngaphandle kwezinto zokutshintsha isikhitha sonke sifile
Ugcino nokutshaja	Incinci kodwa ibalulekile	Ubukhulu becala yenziwa kanye	Itroli yokutshaja okanye iibhini ezinamalebheli; iibhetri ezifileyo zibulala isifundo ngokukhawuleza ngaphezu kwayo nantoni na
Ifanitshala nolungiselelo lwegumbi	Idla ngokuba sele ikho	Yenziwa kanye	Iitafile eziqinileyo, iiplagi zombane, nendawo phantsi apho iirobhothi zinokuhamba khona ngokwenene
Uqeqesho lootitshala	Kanye kunye nohlaziyo	Ngokuyinxenye	Yeyona isikwa kakhulu neyona ishokoxeka kakhulu; utitshala ongaqeqeshwanga akayi kusisebenzisa isikhitha
Isoftwe nekharityhulam	Iphantsi ukuba isebenza kwibhrawuza	Ngamanye amaxesha	Imigibe yeelayisensi; iisimuleyitha zasimahla zinokugubungela okuninzi koku
Imali yeemeko ezingalindelekanga	5 ukuya ku-10%	Ewe	Ukwaphuka kwezinto kwikota yokuqala, utshintsho lwexabiso, isikhitha esinye esongezelelweyo

Izikhitha nomjikelo wokutshintshwa kwazo

Izikhitha lelona nani likhulu, kodwa zithathe njengempahla ehlayo ixabiso, hayi njengento ethengwa kanye. Izixhobo zeerobhothi ezisetyenziswa yonke imihla esikolweni zinobomi obuyinyani beminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemine ngaphambi kokuba kwaphuke iindawo ezaneleyo zokuba uhlaziyo lube lutshiphu kunokulungisa iziqwenga ngeziqwenga. Bekela bucala imali encinci minyaka le ukuze utshintsho lucwangciswe, lungabi yingxaki ekhawulezileyo. Ukuthenga iseti yeklasi enkudlwana kunaleyo uyifunayo ngosuku lokuqala kudla ngokuba lutshiphu kunokongeza kamva, kuba ugcina impahla ehambelanayo nenokulungiswa.

Izinto zokutshintsha aziyonto yokuzikhethela

Le yindawo izikolo eziyisikayo zize zizisole. Intambo enye eqhawukileyo okanye isensa efileyo iguqula isikhitha esisebenzayo sibe lilitye lokucinezela amaphepha, kwaye iklasi enabafundi abangamashumi amathathu iyaqaphela kwangoko. Bhajethela izinto zokutshintsha malunga ne-10 ukuya ku-15% wexabiso lezikhitha minyaka le, ugxile kwiindawo ezifa kakhulu: iibhetri, iintambo, amavili neesensa abafundi abaziphatha kakhulu. Zigcine kwakuloo gumbi, zinamalebheli, ukuze utshintsho luthathe imizuzwana ize isifundo siqhubeke.

Ukutshaja nogcino

Iibhetri ezifileyo zonakalisa izifundo zeerobhothi ezininzi kunekhowudi eyaphukileyo. Gqiba kwangethuba ukuba izikhitha zitshajwa njani phakathi kweeklasi: itroli yokutshaja, ishelufu enamacala anamalebheli, okanye uludwe olulula lomjikelo. Kwimeko yokucinywa kombane oku kubaluleke ngakumbi, ngoko tshaja ngokweshedyuli ecinga ukuba umbane awuyi kuhlala ukho. Ugcino kufuneka luvumele utitshala omnye ukuba abeke bucala izikhitha ezingamashumi amathathu ngemizuzu embalwa, kuba igumbi elithatha imizuzu engamashumi amabini ukubuyiselwa esimeni liya kuyeka ukusetyenziswa buthule.

Uqeqesho lolona luhlangula ilebhu

Izixhobo ngaphandle kotitshala onentembelo yeyona ndlela idla ngokusilela. Bhajethela uqeqesho lokwenyani lwabasebenzi ababini ubuncinane, hayi omnye, ukuze ukurhoxa komntu omnye kungayiphelisi le nkqubo. Iworkshop emfutshane, ecwangcisiweyo, kunye nohlaziyo olulandelayo phakathi konyaka, kwanele ukwenza ukuba ootitshala abaninzi baqhube izifundo bezimele. Ukuba ucwangcisa le ndawo, iiworkshop zeeholide zethu zenye yeendlela zokwakha ukuzithemba kwabasebenzi phambi kokuba izikhitha zifike eklasini.

Icebo leminyaka emithathu elinamanyathelo

Awuyifuni ilebhu egqityiweyo kunyaka wokuqala. Ukwahlula ngamanyathelo kusasaza iindleko, kukuvumela ufunde ukuba abafundi bakho basabela kwintoni, kwaye kukunika iziphumo onokuzibonisa kubaxhasi phambi kokuba ucele okungakumbi.

Unyaka wokuqala: uvavanyo

Thenga iseti enye yeklasi, izinto zokutshintsha, ukutshaja nogcino, uze uqeqeshe ootitshala ababini. Yiqhube ngebakala elinye okanye amabini. Gcina umda umncinci neempumelelo zibonakala: irobhothi elandela umgca elisebenzayo, iprojekthi elula yesensa, umboniso ngosuku oluvulekileyo. Injongo bubungqina bokuba igumbi liyasetyenziswa nokuba abafundi bayaphucuka.

Unyaka wesibini: ukwandisa

Yongeza izikhitha ukuze iqela lesibini likwazi ukuqhuba izifundo lingalindi elokuqala, wongeze izinto zokutshintsha ngokusekelwe koko kwaphukileyo ngokwenene, uze wenze ithayimtheyibhile ibe sesikweni. Kulapho isimuleyitha esebenza kwibhrawuza sizifumana khona indawo yaso: abafundi banokuziqhelanisa nokucwangcisa bengekho kwizikhitha eziphathekayo, ngoko iseti enye yeklasi yolulekela kwizifundo ezininzi. Ungayizama loo ndlela simahla usebenzisa isimuleyitha yeebhloko phambi kokuba ubophelele ibhajethi kwizixhobo ezingakumbi.

Unyaka wesithathu: ukuzimisa nzulu

Xa izinto ezisisiseko sezizinzile, tyala kubunzulu endaweni yobuninzi: izikhitha zeeprojekthi, ukungena kukhuphiswano, nokuhlaziywa kwezona zixhobo zindala zonyaka wokuqala. Eli lixesha lokuqwalasela ihackathon okanye ukhuphiswano lwangaphandle njengenjongo etsala yonke inkqubo phambili.

Ukuthenga nokufumana izixhobo ngobulumko

Zimbini izimiso ezigcina iindleko ziphantsi ubomi bonke belebhu. Okokuqala, sebenzisa into efanayo kuyo yonke indawo. Iqonga elinye kuso sonke isikolo lithetha iseti enye yezinto zokutshintsha, indlela enye yoqeqesho, namacebo ezifundo ahamba esuka kwelinye ibakala esiya kwelinye. Ikhabhathi exubeneyo yezikhitha ezihambelana ngokuyinxenye kulapho iibhajethi zopha khona buthule. Okwesibini, khetha ukuqina nokulungiseka kunexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu, kuba isikhitha ongenakuzifumana iindawo zaso zokutshintsha sibiza ngaphezulu kunesi sixabisa ngaphezulu ekuqaleni.

Apho unako khona, thenga kumthengisi oxhasa nendlela yokufundisa, kungabi yibhokisi kuphela. Ikharityhulam, isimuleyitha nokufumaneka kwezinto zokutshintsha apha ekhaya zixabiseke ngaphezu kwesaphulelo esincinci. Njengomzekelo omnye weqonga eliqinileyo, elilungisekayo, elenzelwe ukusetyenziswa eklasini, ibhodi ye-sheenbot infinity yenzelwe imodeli yeqelana, inendawo yokukhowuda ngeebhloko ehambelana nayo kunye neendawo zokutshintsha ezihlala zikho evenkileni. Ukuba akunqweneli ukuzilawula ngokwakho zonke ezi zinto, ulungiselelo olwenzelwa wena – izixhobo, ikharityhulam noqeqesho kunye – kufanelekile ukuba ulixabise ulithelekise nokuzakhela; ungabona indlela esiyenza ngayo loo nto kwiphepha lethu lokufumana izinto zelebhu.

Ukufumana imali yelebhu: izibonelelo nentsebenziswano

Izixhobo yeyona nxalenye ilula ukuyifumanela imali ngaphandle kwebhajethi yakho. Iinkqubo zotyalo-mali kwezentlalo zamashishini, amaphulo emfundo ephondo, imibutho yabafunde kwesi sikolo, iiklabhu zenkonzo nezibonelelo zeembasi okanye zamaziko esisa – zonke ziyazixhasa izixhobo ze-STEM, kwaye ezininzi zithanda isicelo esithe gca, esinamaxabiso. Yiyo kanye loo nto icebo elinamanyathelo elingasentla linceda ngayo: umxhasi angaxhasa unyaka wokuqala njengovavanyo aze abone isiphumo phambi kokuba azibophelele kunyaka wesibini.

Nazi iingcebiso ezimbalwa ezisebenzayo. Cela izinto ezinkulu ezithengwayo (izikhitha, ukutshaja, ifanitshala) kwizibonelelo, uze ugcine iindawo eziphindaphindayo – izinto zokutshintsha, uhlaziyo loqeqesho – ngaphakathi kwibhajethi yokusebenza yesikolo sakho, kuba izibonelelo ezininzi azizukuzihlaziya izinto ezisetyenziswayo. Bonisa icebo lokuzimela ixesha elide, kungabi luluhlu lweminqweno nje; abaxhasi baxhasa iinkqubo eziya kuba zisekho emva kweminyaka emithathu. Kwaye apho kunokwenzeka, dibanisa isicelo nento ebonakalayo, njengosuku oluvulekileyo okanye ukungena kukhuphiswano, ukuze kube lula ukwalatha oko imali yabo ikuzuzileyo.

Isishwankathelo

Ilebhu yeerobhothi iphila okanye ife ngenxa yezinto ekungekho mntu uzifotayo: idrowa yezinto zokutshintsha, itroli yokutshaja, utitshala wesibini oqeqeshiweyo, nemali yeemeko ezingalindelekanga ongazange uyichukumise. Zibhajethele ezo zinto kwasekuqaleni, wahlule ukwakha kwiminyaka emithathu, usebenzise iqonga elinye elilungisekayo, uze uxhomekeke kwizibonelelo ngemali enkulu ngelixa iindleko zokuqhuba uzithwala ngokwakho. Yenza oko, ize igumbi lihlale lixakekile ixesha elide emva kokuba imincili yosuku lokuvula iphelile.

IMIBUZO EBUZWA RHOQO

Zingaphi izikhitha ezifunwa yiklasi enye ngokwenene?

Cwangcisela abafundi ababini ukuya kwabathathu kwisikhitha ngasinye. Kwiklasi enabafundi abangamashumi amathathu oko kumalunga nezikhitha ezilishumi ukuya kwelishumi elinesihlanu. Iseti enye yeklasi inokusebenzela ngaphezu kwebakala elinye ukuba ukutshaja nogcino kukuvumela ukuba ubuyisele igumbi esimeni ngokukhawuleza phakathi kwezifundo.

Yeyiphi eyona nto ibhajethelwa ngaphantsi?

Zizinto zokutshintsha, zilandelwe kufuphi luqeqesho lootitshala. Intambo efileyo okanye ibhetri ephelileyo isusa isikhitha sonke esifundweni, kwaye utitshala ongaqeqeshwanga akayi kuzisebenzisa nokuzisebenzisa izixhobo. Khusela zombini ezi ndawo nokuba oko kuthetha ukuthenga izikhitha ezimbalwa.

Singaqala ngesimuleyitha endaweni yezixhobo eziphathekayo?

Ewe, kwaye yindlela ekrelekrele yokunciphisa umngcipheko wemali. Isimuleyitha yeebhloko esebenza kwibhrawuza ivumela abafundi nootitshala ukuba bakhe izakhono phambi kwezikhitha eziphathekayo, nangelixa besebenzisa zona, nto leyo eyolulela iseti enye yeklasi kwizifundo ezininzi. Luvavanyo olulungileyo phambi kokuba uthenge ngobuninzi.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ngaphambi kokuba kufuneke sitshintshe izikhitha?

Kusetyenziso lwemihla ngemihla esikolweni, bhajethela uhlaziyo rhoqo emva kweminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemine. Bekela bucala imali encinci minyaka le ukuze utshintsho lucwangciswe endaweni yokuba lube yindleko ekhawulezileyo, uze ugcine iqonga lakho lifana ukuze impahla endala nentsha zihambelane.

Ngaba sithenge yonke into ngokwethu okanye sisebenzise inkonzo epheleleyo?

Xabisa zombini. Ukuzakhela kukunika ulawulo kwaye kunokuba lutshiphu ephepheni, kodwa iphakheji eyenzelwe wena edibanisa izixhobo, ikharityhulam, uqeqesho nezinto zokutshintsha idla ngokubiza okuncinci kwixesha labasebenzi kwaye iphepha umgibe wekhabhathi exubeneyo. Impendulo echanekileyo ixhomekeke ekubeni ootitshala bakho banawo na amandla okuyilawula.