Ukuba isikolo sakho sifaka inkqubo ye-hydroponics kwibala elivulekileyo okanye phantsi komnatha oqhelekileyo we-40% wesithunzi, khetha ii-Dutch buckets endaweni ye-Nutrient Film Technique (NFT). Indlu yezityalo yorhwebo ene-evaporative cooling yemizi-mveliso, iijenereyitha ezizisebenzelayo, kunye namagcisa azinikeleyo asisigxina inokwenza i-NFT isebenze ngexesha lobushushu obugqithisileyo base-Highveld okanye imbalela yaseSwartland. Kodwa ibala lesikolo elirhangqwe zizitena, umoya onama-35°C, amaxesha ocimo-mbane lweeyure ezimbini, kunye nabasebenzi abambalwa kakhulu bolondolozo ngeeholide zikaDisemba ziya kujika umsele we-NFT ube yimbiza yokupheka iingcambu.

IFiziksi yoMsele xa Ithelekiswa ne-Bhakethi

Ukuze uqonde ukuba kutheni enye inkqubo isinda lo gama enye isilela, jonga indawo yeengcambu endaweni yamagqabi. Izityalo ziyakwazi ukunyamezela umoya otshisa ngendlela emangalisayo ukuba iingcambu zazo zihlala zipholile kwaye zifumana amanzi. Intlekele iqala xa amaqondo obushushu kwindawo yeengcambu edlula kuma-24°C.

I-NFT isebenza ngokumpontshela umsinga wamanzi obhitye njengephepha ngokuqhubekayo phezu kweengcambu ezingenanto ezijinga ngaphakathi kwimisele yeplastiki evalekileyo. Kwibala lesikolo eliphandle nelibhencekileyo, izinto ezintathu ezingokoqobo zisebenza ngokuchasene nolu loyilo:

• Ubunzima bobushushu (thermal mass): Umthamo wamanzi ngaphakathi komsele we-NFT ngomzuzwana ngamnye umncinci kakhulu. Imisele ebhityileyo ye-PVC okanye ye-polypropylene engakhuselwanga kubushushu ayinako kwaphela ukuxhathisa ukutshintsha kobushushu. Njengoko ilanga libetha emseleni, ulwelo lwezondlo lukhawuleza lufikelele kubushushu bomoya obungqongileyo nobushushu obuphuma kwizitena okanye kwiipaving ezingqongileyo.
• I-oksijini enyibilikileyo: Amanzi afudumeleyo anomthamo omncinci kakhulu we-oksijini enyibilikileyo xa ethelekiswa namanzi apholileyo. Xa amaqondo obushushu bamanzi enyuka esiya kuma-30°C, i-oksijini enyibilikileyo iyawa kakhulu. Iingcambu ziqala ukufuthaniseka, nto leyo ezenza zibe sengozini yokuhlaselwa zizifo ezifana ne-Pythium (ukubola kweengcambu).
• Ukumpompoza kwangoko: Imisele ye-NFT yakhiwe kumthambeka oqhubekayo (ngokuqhelekileyo oyi-1:30 okanye 1:40) ukugcina amanzi ehamba. Ngomzuzu wokuma kwempompo, amanzi aphuma aphelele kwitanki yokuhlanganisa (sump) ngaphakathi kwemizuzwana engamashumi amathandathu.

Ibhakethi ye-Dutch (edla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-Bato bucket) isebenza kumgaqo owahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Ibhakethi nganye—edla ngokuba nomthamo wee-11 ukuya kwi-15 leelitha—izaliswa ngumxube ongasebenziyo nonezimbobo, ngokuqhelekileyo i-perlite yezolimo ecocekileyo okanye umxube wama-70/30 we-perlite ne-cocopeat. Emazantsi ebhakethi, i-siphon elbow yangaphakathi igcina isisele esisisigxina samanzi eziisentimitha ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-5 (malunga ne-1.5 ukuya kwi-2 leelitha) esingaze sikhuphe amanzi aphele, naxa impompo icinyiwe.

Indlela Yokungaphumeleli Ngexesha Locimo-Mbane Lweeyure Ezimbini

EMzantsi Afrika, ukungazinzi kombane ayingomcimbi oqikelelwayo ongafane wenzeke; yimeko eqhelekileyo yokusebenza. Khawucinge ngento eyenzekayo ngexesha lokunqunyulwa kombane okuqhelekileyo kweeyure ezimbini emva kwemini eqaqambileyo ekuqaleni kukaFebruwari xa amaqondo obushushu ebaleni efikelela kuma-34°C.

Kwinkqubo ye-NFT, impompo iyacima. Ulwelo olubhityileyo lukhupheka ngaphantsi komzuzu. Iingcambu zisala zijinga kwimisele yeplastiki engenanto netshisayo. Umoya ongaphakathi kumsele ovalekileyo ufikelela kuma-40°C kwimizuzu engamashumi amabini njengoko ubushushu belanga bujika ityhubhu yeplastiki ibe yioyini yokubhaka. Ngaphandle kokhuseleko lokufuma okanye lomxube wokutyala, iinwele ezintle zeengcambu zoma ngokukhawuleza. Ngexesha apho impompo iphinda iqalisa kwiiyure ezimbini kamva, izicubu ezihambisa amanzi zemifuno ethambileyo ziba zitshile ngokupheleleyo. Izityalo ziyabuna ukusuka emazantsi zisiya phezulu kwaye kunqabile ukuba ziphinde zivuke.

Ngoku jonga ibhakethi ye-Dutch kwakwelo bala linye. Impompo iyacima. Izitshizi zokunkcenkceshela ziyama. Nangona kunjalo, ingcambu engundoqo yesityalo intywiliselwe kwisisele esisemazantsi, ngelixa iingcambu ezisemacaleni zigoqelwe kwi-perlite efumileyo. I-perlite yiglasi yentaba-mlilo eyandisiweyo ezaliswe ziipokotho zomoya ezincinci kakhulu; iyinto ethintela ubushushu ngokwenene. Ikhusela undoqo wengcambu kubushushu obugqithisileyo ngelixa itsala ukufuma isenyusa ngesenzo se-capillary. Iiyure ezimbini ngaphandle kokujikeleza kwamanzi yinto encinci kakhulu kwibhakethi ye-Dutch—enyanisweni, isityalo esikhulileyo setumato okanye sepepile kwibhakethi ye-perlite sinokusinda ngokukhululekileyo iiyure ezine ukuya kwezintandathu ngaphandle kombane phantsi kwelanga ngqo ngaphambi kokuba sibonise iimpawu zoxinzelelo.

Ingxaki Yeeholide: Iintsuku Ezingama-45 Ngaphandle Kokujongwa

Isitiya ngasinye sesikolo sijongana nengxaki enkulu kaDisemba. Ukusuka ekuqaleni kukaDisemba ukuya phakathi kuJanuwari, abafundi abekho, abasebenzi bakwikhefu, kwaye ukugcinwa kwesitiya kuxhomekeka kumphathi wezakhiwo nomhlaba owonganyelweyo ngumsebenzi okanye kumgcini-mhlaba onokukwazi ukukhangela ibala kube kanye kuphela ngeentsuku ezintathu okanye ezine.

Ukusebenzisa inkqubo ye-NFT ngexesha lekhefu lehlobo laseMzantsi Afrika ngumthwalo onexhala elikhulu. Ukuba i-algae ivala ityhubhu encinci yokondla, okanye ukuba iswitshi yombane enye iyacima ngexesha lesiphango, imisele esibhozo ye-butter lettuce iyafa ngaphambi kokutshona kwelanga. Ngaphaya koko, imifuno enamagqabi—ekuphela kwezityalo ezilungele ngokwenene iiprofayili eziqhelekileyo ze-NFT—ifikelela ekuvuthweni ngeentsuku ezingama-35 ukuya kwezingama-45. Ukuba ayivunwa ngexesha elicwangcisiweyo ngasekupheleni kukaDisemba, ikhupha iintyantyambo ngaphambi kwexesha, ibe krakra, ize ibulewe sisikhunta kubushushu.

Ii-Dutch buckets zenzelwe izityalo ezingayekiyo ukukhula neziqhamo ezikhangela izinti: iitumato, iipepile ezinkulu, iibrinjal, kunye neetshili. Ezi zityalo zinesakhiwo seengcambu esinzulu nesomeleleyo kunye nomjikelo wokuvelisa othatha iinyanga eziliqela. Inkqubo ye-Dutch bucket etyaliweyo ngabafundi beBanga lesi-7 okanye lesi-8 ngoSeptemba ifikelela incopho yeziqhamo ngoDisemba nangoJanuwari. Ngesisele esikhulu ngokwaneleyo esembindini (njengegubu leelitha ezingama-200 eligrunjwe ngokuyinxenye emhlabeni ukugcina amanzi epholile) kunye ne-timer elula ye-12V esebenza ngebhetri kunye nepaneli yelanga esisiseko, ii-Dutch buckets zinokuzondla ngokwazo iiveki ngeeveki ngaphandle koncedo.

Apho i-NFT Isenayo Indawo Khona

I-NFT ayisiyotekhnoloji embi; isetyenziswa ngokungachanekanga kumagumbi okufundela angaphandle. Indawo yayo ingaphakathi, phantsi kwezibane zokukhulisa ze-LED, ngaphakathi kwilabhoratri ene-air-conditioner okanye kwigumbi lokufundela apho amaqondo obushushu bamanzi anokugcinwa ezinzile phakathi kwe-18°C ne-21°C. Kwaloo meko ilawulwayo, i-NFT ilunge kakhulu ekufundiseni amagophe okufunxwa kwezondlo, uvavanyo lwe-EC/pH, kunye nemijikelo ekhawulezayo yezityalo ngaphandle kokungcola kokuphatha imixube eneengqushu-ngqushu.

Kwizikolo ezicwangcisa iibhedi zokuvelisa ezingaphandle, ufakelo lwasemabaleni, okanye izitiya zovakalelo, ibhakethi ye-Dutch ngumgangatho osebenzayo. Ukuba ucwangcisa inkqubo yokutya yezemfundo okanye umisela isitiya sesikolo esizisebenzelayo, izikhokelo zethu kunye noyilo lwezixhobo ku-Sheen Robotics Hydroponics zijolise ngokukodwa kwiinkqubo ezisindayo kwiziseko zophuhliso zokwenyani zaseMzantsi Afrika.

Ukwakhela Ukomelela

Ukuba sele unazo ii-Dutch buckets okanye uceba ukuzakha ngaphambi kwethemu ezayo, izigqibo ezintathu ezisebenzayo ziya kuphucula amathuba okusinda kwizityalo zakho ehlotyeni:

• Tshonisa phantsi okanye ukhusele isisele sakho: Musa ukushiya igubu elimnyama le-polyethylene le-200L elangeni ngqo. Lipeyinte mhlophe, lisongele nge-foil yokukhusela ubushushu, okanye lingcwabe phakathi emhlabeni. Ukuba isisele esisisiseko sifikelela kuma-30°C, kwanazo ii-Dutch buckets ziya kutsala nzima.
• Sebenzisa i-perlite erhabaxa ecocekileyo okanye umxube we-perlite/coco erhabaxa: Phepha imixube ecikizekileyo edibana ize ithintele ukuhamba kwamanzi. I-elbow yangaphakathi ixhomekeke ekumpompoyeni ngokukhawuleza komxhuzulane womhlaba ukutsala i-oksijini entsha iye ezantsi kwizikhewu emva komjikelo ngamnye wokondla.
• Sebenzisa ukunkcenkceshela okufutshane kwaye rhoqo endaweni yezikhukhula ezide: Misela i-timer yakho ibe yimizuzu emithathu kwiyure nganye ngexesha lobushushu basemini (ngo-10:00 ukuya ku-15:00) endaweni yokunkcenkceshela kube kanye imizuzu engamashumi amabini emini emaqanda. Oku kuhlaziya ngokuqhubekayo isisele esinentabalala ye-oksijini ngaphandle kokuchitha amanzi ngombhobho wokuphuphuma.

Isitiya sesikolo kufuneka sifundise ukomelela kwezinto eziphilayo kunye nobuchule bezobugcisa, singashiyi abafundi bebuyela ngoJanuwari kumangcwaba eengcambu ezomileyo kunye neeplastiki ezitshileyo. Khetha inkqubo enomthamo owakhelwe ngaphakathi wokumelana nobushushu kunye nokugcina amanzi ngokwendalo. Kwibala lesikolo saseMzantsi Afrika, oko kuthetha amabhakethi, hayi imisele.