i-micro:bit vs i-ESP32: yeyiphi i-microcontroller ekufuneka isikolo sakho siyithenge ngokwenene?
Kwizikolo zamabanga aphantsi, iisensa ezakhelwe ngaphakathi noyilo oluqinileyo lwe-BBC micro:bit zenza ukuba ibe yiyo eyoyisayo ngokucacileyo. Kwizikolo zamabanga aphakamileyo ezijongene ne-IoT nerobhothikhi enzulu, i-ESP32 enexabiso eliphantsi neneepini ezininzi lutyalo-mali olukrelekrele lwexesha elide.
Impendulo emfutshane ilula: ukuba ufundisa abafundi bamabanga aphantsi (aMabanga 4 ukuya kwele-7), thenga i-BBC micro:bit. Ukusebenziseka kwayo ngoko nangoko xa uyikhupha ebhokisini, iisensa ezakhelwe ngaphakathi, noyilo olungonakaliyo kufanelwe yiRandi nganye. Kodwa ukuba ufundisa abafundi bamabanga aphakamileyo (aMabanga 8 ukuya kwele-12) okanye uqhuba inkqubo yerobhothikhi yeminyaka emininzi, i-micro:bit iya kuphelelwa ngamandla kunyaka wesibini. Kwimikhondo ephakamileyo, i-ESP32 lukhetho olungcono nolusebenzisa imali kakuhle—ukuba nje unako ukumelana nendlela yayo enzima ngakumbi yokufunda.
Uthelekiso lwasegumbini lokufundela
Ukuze siqonde ukuba kutheni ezi bhodi zimbini zifanelana namanqanaba emfundo ahluke ngokupheleleyo, kufuneka sijonge indlela ezisebenza ngayo phantsi koxinzelelo olukhethekileyo lwegumbi lokufundela loMzantsi Afrika: imali elinganiselweyo, iiperiyodi zemizuzu engama-45, noqhagamshelwano olungathembekanga.
| Uphawu | i-BBC micro:bit (v2) | i-ESP32 (iDev Module) |
|---|---|---|
| Ixabiso eliqhelekileyo (ibhodi kuphela) | R550 - R650 | R150 - R250 |
| Iisensa & iziphumo ezisebhodini | igridi ye-LED ye-5x5, i-accelerometer, ikhampasi, imayikrofoni, isipikha, isensa yobushushu | Azikho (ngokuqhelekileyo yi-LED enye yobume kuphela) |
| Uqhagamshelwano | i-Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), iRedio | i-WiFi ye-2.4GHz, i-Bluetooth Classic & i-BLE |
| Ii-IDE eziphambili | i-Microsoft MakeCode (iiBhloko/iPython), i-Thonny | i-Thonny (MicroPython), i-Arduino IDE, i-Wokwi |
| Iipini ze-GPIO ezikhoyo | iipini ezi-3 zeenjongo jikelele ezisebenzisekayo (ngaphandle kwe-breakout) | Ukuya kwiipini ze-GPIO ezingama-25 ezisebenzisekayo |
Apho i-micro:bit yoyisa khona: imizuzu emi-5 yokuqala
Elona candelo lomeleleyo le-micro:bit kukuba umfundi unokubhala inkqubo yakhe yokuqala abone isiphumo esibonakalayo kwimizuzu emihlanu emva kokuvula ibhokisi. Ngenxa yokuba ibhodi iquka i-matrix ye-LED ye-5x5, amaqhosha amabini achukumisekayo, i-accelerometer, nesipikha, akufuneki uxhume nokuba yenye into engaphandle ukuze ufundise izinto ezisisiseko zokungenayo, okuphumayo, nengqiqo enemiqathango.
Kwiperiyodi yesikolo yemizuzu engama-45, oku kusindisa ubomi. Awuchithi imizuzu engama-30 usombulula iingxaki zeentambo ze-jumper ezikhululekileyo okanye zeebredibhodi ezaphukileyo. Ngaphezu koko, isixhumanisi esisecaleni se-micro:bit sihlala ixesha elide kakhulu. Nangona amazinyo egolide ezeyo enokonakala, ibhodi ngokwayo ayinazo iipini zesihloko ezivulekileyo ezinokugobeka okanye zaphuke kwibhegi yesikolo yomfundi.
Ukuprograma i-micro:bit nako kulula ngokufanayo. I-Microsoft MakeCode isebenza ngokupheleleyo kuyo nayiphi na ibhrawuza yewebhu, isebenza ungekho kwi-intanethi, kwaye ayifuni kufakelwa zii-driver. Ukuba isikolo sakho sisebenzisa ii-Chromebook okanye iilaptop ze-Windows ezitshixiweyo apho abafundi bengenako ukufaka isoftwe, i-MakeCode ilidlula ngokupheleleyo icandelo le-IT.
Apho i-micro:bit iphelelwa khona ngamandla
I-micro:bit sisixhobo semfundo esibalaseleyo, kodwa ingumlawuli werobhothikhi ombi. Ukuba ufuna ukwakha irobhothi ehambayo, ungqubana kwangoko nemida yayo ebonakalayo:
- Ingxinano yeepini: I-micro:bit ineepini ezintathu kuphela zokungenisa/zokukhupha zeenjongo jikelele (GPIO) ezifikeleleka lula (iiPini 0, 1, no-2) ezisebenza neeklipsi zengwenya eziqhelekileyo. Ukuba ufuna ukuxhuma iimoto ezimbini nesensa ye-ultrasonic yomgama, iipini ziyaphela. Unyanzeleka uthenge ikhusi lomqhubi weemoto elingaphandle okanye ibhodi ye-breakout, into ephinda kabini ixabiso lesethapu kwangoko.
- Ixabiso lokwandisa: Ngo-R550+ ibhodi nganye, ukuxhobisa iklasi yabafundi abangama-40 ngee-micro:bit zabo ngabanye yindleko enkulu yenkunzi. Xa udibanisa i-chassis yerobhothi efunekayo, abaqhubi beemoto, neesensa, ixabiso lendawo nganye yokusebenzela linyuka lula lidlule ku-R1,500.
I-ESP32: amandla esikolo samabanga aphakamileyo
I-ESP32 ayilotoyi lwemfundo; yi-microcontroller yomgangatho woshishino esetyenziswa kwizixhobo ze-IoT zorhwebo. Oku kuzisa iingenelo ezinkulu kubafundi bamabanga aphakamileyo abajongene neeprojekthi zobunjineli ezinzulu:
- Inani leepini elingenakulinganiswa: Ngeepini ze-GPIO ezingaphezu kwama-20 ezisebenzisekayo, umfundi unokulawula iimoto ezininzi, afunde kwiisensa ezilishumi elinambini, aqhube isikrini se-LCD, aze asale eneepini.
- Ukukwazi ukwenza i-IoT yokwenene: I-WiFi esebhodini ivumela abafundi ukuba bakhe iiseva zewebhu zokwenene, bathumele idatha yesensa kwilifu, okanye balawule iirobhothi zabo ngephepha lewebhu lefowuni ekhaliphileyo eliyilelwe kanye ngokwabo.
- Ixabiso ngokusebenza okungenakoyiswa: Ngesinye kwisithathu sexabiso le-micro:bit malunga, isikolo singathenga iibhodi ezintathu ze-ESP32 ngexabiso lento enye ye-micro:bit, kushiyeke imali eninzi yeemoto ezisemgangathweni, i-chassis, neesensa.
Ubunzima bokwenene be-ESP32
Phambi kokuba uthenge ibhokisi yeebhodi ezitshiphu ze-ESP32, kufuneka uzamkele iindawo ezinobunzima ezinokuphazamisa igumbi lokufundela:
- Iphupha elibi lee-driver: Iibhodi ezininzi ezitshiphu ze-ESP32 zisebenzisa itshiphusi ye-CH340 ye-USB-to-serial. Iilaptop ze-Windows zidla ngokufuna ukufakelwa kwee-driver ngesandla ukuze zizichonge ezi bhodi. Ukuba iilaptop zesikolo sakho zitshixwe ngamalungelo olawulo, isifundo sakho sokuqala siya kuchithwa nilinde umlawuli we-IT ukuba angenise amagama okugqithisa.
- Umqobo we-WiFi yesikolo: Nangona i-ESP32 ine-WiFi enamandla, ukuyixhuma kuthungelwano oluqhelekileyo lwesikolo kunzima kakhulu. Izikolo ezininzi zisebenzisa ukhuseleko lwe-WPA2-Enterprise (olufuna igama lomsebenzisi negama lokugqithisa), okwaziwa ukuba kunzima kakhulu ukukulumisela kwi-MicroPython okanye kwi-C++. Ukuba ikharityhulam yakho ixhomekeke kuqhagamshelwano lwelifu, kusenokufuneka useke ii-hotspot zerawuta ezizodwa, ezahlukileyo, kwilebhu yakho.
- Ukwaphuka lula: Iibhodi zabaphuhlisi ze-ESP32 zineepini zesihloko ezivulekileyo, ezibukhali. Ukuba umfundi ucinezelela ibhodi kwibredibhodi ngokujika okanye ayiphose kwibhini yokugcina engacwangciswanga, iipini ziyagobeka, kwaye iitshiphusi zenza i-short-circuit.
Isigwebo soNyaka wesi-3: basenokwenza ntoni?
Ukuba ujonga inkqubela phambili kwiminyaka emithathu, umkhondo ucacile. Xa kufikwa kuNyaka wesi-3, umfundi osebenzisa i-micro:bit mhlawumbi sele edinwe sisikrini se-LED se-5x5 nakukukhowuda ngeebhloko. Bafuna ukwakha iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo zehlabathi lokwenene, kodwa bathintelwa yihardware ngokwenyama.
Ngokwahlukileyo, umfundi woNyaka wesi-3 osebenzisa i-ESP32 ubhala ikhowudi ecocekileyo ye-MicroPython okanye ye-C++, wakha iinkqubo zokuzikhokela, okanye asingathe iiseva zewebhu zasekhaya ukulawula iimodeli zokuzenzekelayo zasekhaya. I-ESP32 ayinasilingi; yitshiphusi enye leyo abaya kuyisebenzisa ukuba baqhubeka bafunde ubunjineli eyunivesithi okanye bakhe amashishini abo amatsha ehardware.
Kwizikolo ezifuna amandla akhulu e-ESP32 kodwa zisoyika ubudlabha beebredibhodi neentambo ezikhululekileyo kwisifundo esifutshane, siyile i-ecosystem ye-Sheen Infinity. Ivala kanye esi sikhewu, izisa ukuthembeka okuqinileyo kwe-plug-and-play kwe-micro:bit kuyilo lwe-ESP32 olusebenza ngamandla, iqinisekise ukuba ihardware yakho iyasinda egumbini lokufundela ngelixa isanika abafundi ithuba lokukhula.
Ingcebiso yokugqibela
Ukuba imali yakho ilinganiselwe, abafundi bakho bangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-13, kwaye izifundo zakho zimfutshane: Thenga i-micro:bit. Ukungabikho kobunzima kufanelwe lelo xabiso liphezulu.
Ukuba ufundisa amabanga aphakamileyo, ulungiselela abafundi ikharityhulam ye-CAPS yeCoding neRobotics, okanye ufuna ukwakha iirobhothi ezintsonkothileyo, ezixhunyiweyo ezihlala iminyaka emithathu yenkqubela phambili yekharityhulam: Thenga i-ESP32. Kodwa lungiselela ukuchitha ixesha ekusekeni i-Thonny nasekulawuleni ukusetwa kwehardware kwasekuqaleni.
