Ngaba iibhetri ze-LiPo zikhuselekile kwiilebhu zerobhothiksi zesikolo?
Iibhetri ze-LiPo zikhuselekile ezikolweni kuphela xa zilawulwa ngemigaqo engqongqo yokutshaja neyokugcina. Nantsi indlela yokuziphatha, ukuzigcina, nokuzikhupha emsebenzini ngokukhuselekileyo eklasini.
Iibhetri ze-lithium polymer (LiPo) zikhuselekile ukuzisebenzisa kwilebhu yerobhothiksi yesikolo, kodwa kuphela phantsi kwemiqathango engqongqo yenkqubo. Ukuba zishiyelwa kwimikhwa yabafundi engabekwanga sweni, zezona zinto zinomngcipheko omkhulu womlilo eklasini yakho. Ukuba ilebhu yakho yenza iidrone ezizenzelweyo okanye ezinye iiprojekthi zabenzi ezisebenzisa umbane omninzi, awunakuziphepha lula—umlinganiselo wamandla kubunzima kunye namazinga okukhupha amandla azinakuthelekiswa nanto. Iinkqubo zokhuphiswano zidla ngokuzivala mpela: umzekelo, irobhothi ye-FIRST Tech Challenge kufuneka isebenzise ipakethe enye kanye evunyiweyo ye-12V NiMH kuluhlu olukumthetho u-R601, kwaye i-LiPo ayisosinye esisemthethweni. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ikharityhulam yakho ifuna kuphela iiprojekthi ze-microcontroller ezisebenzisa umbane omncinci, kufuneka uziphephe ngokupheleleyo iiLiPo ukhethe iipakethe ze-NiMH, iiseli ze-LiFePO4, okanye iibhanki zamandla ze-USB eziqhelekileyo.
Ukuba kufuneka usebenzise iiLiPo, ukhuseleko asiyongxaki yentando elungileyo yabafundi; yingxaki yobunjineli neyemigaqo. Ngezantsi kuchazwa indlela nesizathu sokusilela kweeLiPo kwiimeko zasesikolweni, kunye nendlela echanekileyo yokulungiselela efunekayo ukuze zilawulwe ngokukhuselekileyo.
Kutheni iiLiPo zisilela eklasini
Iseli ye-LiPo isebenza phakathi kwe-3.0V (iphelile ngokupheleleyo) ne-4.2V (itshajwe ngokupheleleyo), inevolteji eqhelekileyo ye-3.7V kwiseli nganye. Ikhemistri iyaguquguquka kuba i-electrolyte ixhonywe kwijeli ye-polymer evutha lula, evalelwe kwisikhwama esithambileyo sefoyile endaweni yesilinda esiqinileyo sentsimbi.
Kwilebhu yesikolo, iindlela ezine ezithile zokusilela zibangela ukuba iipakethe zidumbe, zikhuphe irhasi enetyhefu, okanye zingene kubushushu obungalawulekiyo:
- Ukukhutshwa gqitha kwamandla ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-3.0V kwiseli nganye: Abafundi bashiya irobhothi ivuliwe impelaveki yonke okanye bayiqhube ide iyeke iimoto. Xa iseli isihla ingaphantsi komgangatho wayo obalulekileyo, kwakheka ii-copper shunt ngaphakathi. Ukuba uphinda utshaje iseli eyonakele ngale ndlela, inokwenza i-short circuit ngaphakathi ize ivuthe.
- Ukubethwa nokuhlatywa: Izikhwama ezithambileyo zefoyile azinikeli lukhuselo lomatshini. Ibhetri engaboshwanga ephoswa yirobhothi yokulwa okanye etyunyuzwa ngaphantsi kweshasi ngexesha lokungqubana inokusilela kwisahluli sangaphakathi ngoko nangoko okanye emva kweeyure.
- Ukukhetha iprofayile engalunganga yesitshaja: Izitshaja ezilinganisayo eziprogremekayo (ezinjengezo zesimbo se-B6 ezifumaneka yonke indawo) zifuna umsebenzisi akhethe ikhemistri, inani leeseli (umz., 2S, 3S, 4S), kunye nombane wokutshaja. Umfundi obeka ngengozi i-LiPo ye-3S (11.1V) kwiprofayile yokutshaja ye-4S (14.8V) uya kuyinyanzela loo pakethe ingene kubushushu obungalawulekiyo.
- Ukonakala ngeeholide: Ukushiya iipakethe zitshajwe ngokupheleleyo kwi-4.2V kwiseli nganye eshelufini ngeeholide zesikolo zaseMzantsi Afrika zeeveki ezine kukhawulezisa ukwakheka kokuchasana kwangaphakathi nokuveliswa kwerhasi, into ekhokelela kwibhetri "edumbileyo" esele siyiqhelile.
Umgaqo osexabiso eliphantsi wokugcina eklasini
Akufuneki khabhathi yorhwebo engaqhawukiyo ebiza amawaka eerandi ukuze ukhusele ilebhu yesikolo. Ufuna ukwahlulwa okuphathekayo nesikhongozeli esingavuthiyo.
1. Ibhokisi yeembumbulu yentsimbi esuswe iseyile
Iibhokisi zeembumbulu zomkhosi zentsimbi ze-50-calibre ezingasasetyenziswayo ngowona mgangatho uphezulu wokuvalela iiLiPo ngeendleko eziphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, kukho umthetho wokhuseleko obalulekileyo: susa iseyile yerabha esivalweni. Ukuba i-LiPo ingena kubushushu obungalawulekiyo ngaphakathi kwebhokisi evaleke ngokupheleleyo engangeni moya, isikhongozeli siba sisitya soxinzelelo ekungazange kucwangciswe ukuba sibe sisosinjalo. Ukususa iseyile yerabha kuvumela iirhasi ukuba ziphume ngokukhululekileyo ngelixa iindonga zentsimbi zibamba amadangatye nee-shunt ezishushu.
2. Indawo ezinikeleyo yokutshaja
Ungaze uvumele ukutshajwa kweebhetri kwiibhentshi zabafundi eziqhelekileyo ezingqongwe likhadibhodi, yi-filament yeprinta ye-3D, nayiphepha. Misela isikhululo esinye esiphakathi sokutshaja esinale mithetho ilandelayo:
- Sibekwe kumgangatho wekonkrithi engagqunyekanga, kwibhentshi yentsimbi, okanye kumphezulu wethayile yodongwe—ubuncinane kwiimitha ezi-1.5 ukusuka kwizinto ezivuthayo.
- Sixhotyiswe ngesicimi-mlilo esizinikeleyo se-2kg okanye se-5kg somgubo owomileyo (okanye i-CO₂) esixhonywe kanye ecaleni kwebhentshi. Qaphela: izicimi-mlilo eziqhelekileyo azizukuwucima ngokuthe ngqo umlilo we-lithium, kodwa ziyazibamba izinto ezijikelezileyo ngelixa ipakethe izitshisa yodwa.
- Umthetho wokuba akukho bhetri itshajwa kungekho mntu ubukeleyo. Ukutshaja kuyapheza ekupheleni kosuku lwesikolo; akukho nto itshajwa ubusuku bonke.
Imithetho yokutshaja ngokulinganisa ekufuneka ootitshala bayinyanzelise
Ungaze uvumele abafundi basebenzise izitshaja "zodonga" ezingakrelekrelanga kwiiLiPo ezineeseli ezininzi. Iipakethe ezineeseli ezininzi kufuneka zisoloko zitshajwa kusetyenziswa ucingo lokulinganisa (isiqhagamshelanisi esincinci esimhlophe se-JST-XH esineepini ezininzi) kunye nocingo olukhulu lwamandla. Ucingo lokulinganisa luvumela isitshaja ukuba sibeke esweni size silinganise ivolteji yeseli nganye.
| Imeko yebhetri | Ivolteji eqondiweyo yeseli | Isenzo esifunekayo |
|---|---|---|
| Iphelile (umda wokuyeka ukusetyenziswa) | 3.5V – 3.6V kwiseli nganye | Yeka ukuqhuba irobhothi ngoko nangoko. Khulula ipakethe. |
| Ukugcinwa (iiholide zekota, iimpelaveki) | 3.80V – 3.85V kwiseli nganye | Sebenzisa inkqubo yokutshaja neyokukhupha amandla ekugcineni ("Storage Charge/Discharge") kwisitshaja sakho. |
| Itshajwe ngokupheleleyo | 4.20V kwiseli nganye | Yisebenzise phakathi kweeyure ezingama-24–48; ungayishiyi ingasebenzi iiveki. |
| Yonakele / Isengozini | Ngaphantsi kwe-2.8V kwiseli nganye | Musa ukuyitshaja. Yibeke bucala ukuze ilahlwe. |
Beka umbane wokutshaja ngendlela elumkileyo. Umgangatho osisiseko okhuselekileyo kwiilebhu zesikolo ngu-1C (apho umbane ulingana nomthamo wepakethe ngee-amp-hour; umzekelo, ipakethe ye-2200mAh itshajwa ubuninzi be-2.2A). Ungaze uvumele iindlela zokutshaja ngesantya kwimeko yeklasi.
Kumaqela akha izixhobo zokhuphiswano afuna isikhokelo sokukhetha izisombululo zeebhetri ezithobela imigaqo nezikhuselekileyo kukhuphiswano, izixhobo zethu ze-FIRST Tech Challenge zichaza ukuba zeziphi iipakethe ze-12V NiMH ezisemthethweni nendlela yokuzikhathalela.
Indlela yokuzikhupha emsebenzini nokuzilahla ngokukhuselekileyo iiLiPo ezonakeleyo
Nayiphi na ipakethe ebonisa ukudumba ("ukuba njengomqamelo"), enevumba elimnandi lekhemikhali, okanye enesela engaphantsi kwe-2.5V kufuneka ikhutshwe emsebenzini ngoko nangoko. Musa ukuyilahlela kwinkunkuma eqhelekileyo kamasipala.
Ukuze ukhuphe ibhetri emsebenzini ngokukhuselekileyo:
- Yahlule: Beka ipakethe eyonakeleyo kwibhokisi yakho yentsimbi yokubeka bucala ngaphandle kwesakhiwo esikhulu.
- Khupha wonke amandla ukuya ku-0.0V: Qhagamshela ipakethe kwisixhobo esizinikeleyo sokukhupha amandla, okanye unamathelise ibhalbhu yemoto ye-12V etsala umbane omncinci kwisiqhagamshelanisi esifanelekileyo uze uyivumele itsale amandla epakethe kwiiyure ezingama-24 ide i-filament icime. Xa sele ikhutshiwe yaya ku-0V wokwenene, ikhemistri ayisasebenzi.
- Nqumla uze uthebhe: Nqumla iingcingo zebhetri enye nganye ngexesha (ungaze unqumle epozitivu nenegetivu kunye ngesikere sentsimbi), ususe umaleko wangaphandle ekupheleni kwazo, uze usonge iingcingo kunye okanye uzivale ngokupheleleyo ngeteyiphu yombane.
- Yisa kwinkunkuma yeelektroniki: Shiya ipakethe engasasebenziyo kwindawo yokuqokelela ekhethekileyo kamasipala yokuphinda kusetyenziswe inkunkuma yeelektroniki okanye kumgqomo weebhetri.
Ukuba uphonononga indlela obeke ngayo izixhobo zeklasi yakho ngokubanzi okanye ufuna icebiso ngokutshintsha iinkqubo zamandla ezifuna ukugcinwa okuninzi ngezinye ezikhuselekileyo kumabanga aphantsi, ndwendwela isikhokelo sethu sokufumana nokuseta ilebhu.
