Ngaba ungasebenzisa iisenzi ze-ultrasonic ezitshiphu ukubeka esweni iithanki zeJoJo, okanye ziyagqwala?
Iisenzi eziqhelekileyo ze-HC-SR04 ziyaphela emva kweeveki ezimbalwa ngaphakathi kwithanki yamanzi evaliweyo ngenxa yokujiya komswakama neminatha ye-piezo engavalwanga. Nazi izizathu zokuba zigqwale nokuba yeyiphi ihardware ephila ngokwenene.
Impendulo emfutshane ngu-hayi: iimodyuli ze-ultrasonic ze-HC-SR04 eziqhelekileyo, ezinobuso obuvulekileyo, aziyi kuphila ngaphakathi kwithanki yeJoJo. Nangona umzimba wesenzi wenziwe nge-aluminium, iminatha ecolekileyo, iindawo zonxibelelwano zediski ye-piezoceramic ezivulekileyo, kunye nemizila ye-PCB engatywatywiwanga ziyagqwala ngokukhawuleza phantsi komswakama ohleli use-100%. Kwiimeko zehlobo ezishushu kakhulu, ukujiya komswakama kuguqula iinkonkxa ezivulekileyo zomamkeli nozidlulisayo zibe zizibambi zomswakama ezincinane kwiiveki ezintathu ukuya kwezintandathu.
Ukuze ubeke esweni amanqanaba amanzi kwiithanki ze-polyethylene ngokuthembekileyo ngaphandle kokutshintsha ihardware rhoqo, ufuna nokuba yi-transducer ye-ultrasonic evaliweyo engangeni manzi efakwe ngekhola eyibeka mgama, okanye isenzi yoxinzelelo lwe-hydrostatic etshoniswayo eyehliselwa ezantsi ethankini.
Kutheni iisenzi ze-HC-SR04 ezivulekileyo zisilela kwiithanki zamanzi
Isenzi ye-HC-SR04 ixabisa malunga ne-R35 ukuya ku-R60, into eyenza ukuba ibe lukhetho lwesiqhelo lweemboniso zasegumbini lokufundela neeprototayipi zebhredibhodi. Noko ke, ithanki yeJoJo evaliweyo yimozulu encinci ekhohlakeleyo:
- Imijikelo yokujiya komswakama: Ngeemvakwemini ezinelanga zoMzantsi Afrika, umoya osesithubeni esingaphezulu kwamanzi ethankini uyafudumala uze ufunxe umswakama kumphezulu wamanzi. Ebusuku, amaqondo obushushu ayehla, aze amanzi ajiyele ngqo kudonga lwangaphakathi, kwisiciko, nakuyo nayiphi na i-elektroniki efakwe ngaphantsi kwaso.
- Iinkonkxa ze-transducer ezingavalwanga: Iisilinda ezisilivere kwi-HC-SR04 zizibini zesipikha nemayikrofoni evulekele umoya. Umswakama ungena ngomnatha ongaphambili, uqokelelane kwikristale ye-piezoelectric, uthobe ukungcangcazela kwemishini, uze ubangele izifundo ezingachanekanga (idla ngokuxela i-0 cm okanye umgama ongenasiphelo) kudala ngaphambi kokuba kubekho ukusilela kombane.
- Ukugqwala kwe-galvanic nokwasemoyeni: Amadibaniso etyhuma angasemva kwiipini ze-transducer kunye nemizila yobhedu kwi-PCB engagalelwanga resin ayagqwala ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yomoya-mpilo, avelise izikrweqe ze-copper carbonate ne-tin oxide ezidibanisa iipini zize zishorte umzila we-5V.
Ukutywatywa nge-conformal coating okanye iglu eshushu ngasemva kwebhodi akunako ukuyilungisa le nto, kuba indawo yokusilela ingaphakathi komngxunya wesandi wezi transducer zivulekileyo ngokwazo.
Ezinye iindlela ezisebenzayo: i-ultrasonic ngokuchasene ne-hydrostatic
Kubeko lokubeka esweni kwangaphandle ixesha elide, zimbini iindidi eziphambili zeesenzi eziphila kwiimeko zasendle unyaka wonke:
| Uhlobo lwesenzi | Ixabiso eliqikelelweyo lecandelo (ZAR) | Izinto ezilungileyo | Izinto ezimbi & iindlela zokusilela |
|---|---|---|---|
| I-ultrasonic engangeni manzi (JSN-SR04T / AJ-SR04M) | R120 – R250 | Ayichukumisi manzi; iprobhu ye-transducer ye-aluminium evaliwe ngokupheleleyo; ibhodi ye-elektroniki eyahlukileyo egcinwa ngaphandle kwethanki. | Indawo engaboniyo eyi-20–25 cm; izandi ezibuyayo ezingachanekanga ukuba ifakwe kufuphi kakhulu kwiibhambo okanye kwiindonga zangaphakathi zethanki. |
| Iprobhu yoxinzelelo lwe-hydrostatic etshoniswayo | R450 – R1,200 | Ayinandawo ingaboniyo; ayichaphazeleki ngamagwebu angaphezulu nakukujiya komswakama ethankini; ilinganisa uxinzelelo lomthamo wamanzi lokwenene. | Ichukumisa amanzi ngokuthe ngqo; ifuna intambo enomngxunya womoya; ikhupha i-4–20 mA okanye i-0–5 V efuna ukulungiselelwa kwe-analog. |
Useto 1: Izenzo ezingcono kakhulu ze-ultrasonic engangeni manzi (JSN-SR04T)
I-JSN-SR04T yahlula inkqubo ibe ngamacandelo amabini: i-transducer eyisilinda evaliweyo engangeni manzi ekwintambo eyiimitha ezi-2.5, kunye nebhodi yokucubungula engavalwanga. Ukuze olu seto luhlale iminyaka endaweni yeenyanga, landela le mithetho yokufaka:
1. Cwangcisela indawo engaboniyo eyi-25 cm
Ngokungafaniyo neemodyuli ezisemoyeni ovulekileyo ezinokufunda izinto ukuya kutsho kwi-2 cm, iisenzi ze-ultrasonic ezingangeni manzi ezine-transducer enye zisebenzisa icandelo elinye le-piezo ekuthumeleni nasekwamkeleni. Eli candelo kufuneka liyeke ukungcangcazela ngaphambi kokuba likwazi ukumamela isandi esibuyayo, into eyenza indawo engaboniyo esezantsi emalunga ne-20 ukuya kwi-25 cm. Ukuba ithanki yakho izele kwaye inqanaba lamanzi likwi-10 cm ngaphantsi kwesenzi, isenzi iya kubuyisa iinkcukacha ezingento yanto.
Isisombululo: Faka isenzi ngaphakathi kwikhola yombhobho we-PVC yangaphandle (ityhubhu enyukayo ye-PVC eyi-50 mm) eyolulekela kwi-20 cm ngaphezu kwesiciko sethanki. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba nokuba ithanki ifikelela kumthamo we-100%, umphezulu wamanzi uhlala ungaphandle kwendawo engaboniyo.
2. Gcina ibhodi kwibhokisi ye-IP65 ngaphandle
Ungaze uyifake i-PCB yokucubungula ngaphakathi ethankini. Dlulisa intambo ye-transducer ngexhaga lentambo elicinezelayo elisecaleni kwesiciko sethanki, uze ubeke i-ESP32 yakho okanye i-microcontroller nebhodi ethwala i-JSN-SR04T kwibhokisi yonxibelelwano yangaphandle emelana nemozulu, ebethelelwe eludongeni olusemthunzini okanye ecaleni kwesitendi sethanki.
Useto 2: Iisenzi zoxinzelelo lwe-hydrostatic ezitshoniswayo
Ukuba uphahla lwethanki yakho alunasithuba saneleyo okanye ufuna ukungabi nalugcino oluvela kwiingxaki zokubuya kwesandi, i-transducer yoxinzelelo lwe-hydrostatic ngumgangatho wobungcali. Ezi senzi zihlala emgangathweni wethanki zize zilinganise uxinzelelo olumileyo olwenziwa ngumqulu wamanzi ongaphezu kwazo.
Ngenxa yokuba uxinzelelo lwamanzi lwanda ngamalunga ne-9.81 kPa kwimitha nganye yobunzulu (malunga ne-0.098 bar/m), isenzi elinganiselwe kwi-0–20 kPa yeyona ilungele ithanki yeJoJo eqhelekileyo ephakame ngeemitha ezi-2, enomthamo weelitha ezi-5,000.
- Ukhathalelo lwentambo enomngxunya womoya: Iisenzi ze-hydrostatic zisebenzisa ityhubhu encinci kakhulu yangaphakathi entanjeni ephambili ukulinganisa utshintsho loxinzelelo lomoya. Qinisekisa ukuba isiphelo esomileyo sale ntambo siphelela kwibhokisi enephakethe ye-desiccant okanye umngxunya we-Gore-Tex ophefumlayo, oxoshisa amanzi. Ukuba lo mngxunya uyavaleka okanye utshona emanzini, ukuchaneka kuphambuka kwangoko.
- Ukudibanisa ne-microcontroller: Uninzi lweeprobhu zoxinzelelo zemizi-mveliso ezitshiphu zikhupha imijikelo yombane ye-4–20 mA okanye imiqondiso ye-0.5–4.5 V. Kwi-ESP32, sebenzisa i-resistor echanekileyo ye-150 Ω okanye eyi-250 Ω, okanye i-ADC ye-I2C (njenge-ADS1115) ukuze ufunde umqondiso ucacile, kuba umguquli we-analog ukuya kweyedijithali okwi-ESP32 ngokwayo waziwa ngokungahambi ngomgca othe tye ngaphantsi kwe-0.15 V nangaphezu kwe-2.45 V.
Yeyiphi omele uyikhethe?
Ukuba wakha umboniso we-IoT wesikolo, isibeki-so sethanki yasegadini, okanye ideshbhodi yefama ngohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali oluncinci, i-JSN-SR04T efakwe kwityhubhu enyukayo ye-PVC inika olona lungelelwaniso lulungileyo lwexabiso, ukulula kokukhowuda, nokuthembeka. Ukuba usasaza ulawulo lwempompo oluzenzekelayo kwindawo yemveliso apho izifundo ezingachanekanga zinokwenza impompo yequla isebenze ingenamanzi, tyala imali kwi-senzi yoxinzelelo lwe-hydrostatic.
Ukufumana iiyilo ze-telemetry ezisele zilungile ukusetyenziswa, ucwangciso lwamandla kwiindawo zelanga nezebhetri, kunye noseto lokubeka esweni amanzi emfuyo, hlola ihardware yesalathiso nezikhokelo kwi-Sheen Solutions for Farming okanye ujonge iibhodi ze-telemetry ezingamamodyuli kwi-Sheen IoT.
