Kutheni i-Sensor ye-Analog ye-ESP32 Yakho Iphambana Xa Kudityaniswa i-Wi-Fi
Ukuba i-sensor yakho ye-analog ikhupha amanani angavakaliyo kwangoko xa i-Wi-Fi iqala, uyidibanise kwiphini ye-ADC2. Unomathotholo we-Wi-Fi we-ESP32 uxhamla yedwa i-ADC2; ukususa i-sensor yakho uyise kwi-ADC1 kuyisombulula kwangoko le ngxaki.
I-sensor yakho ye-analog ibonisa amanani acacileyo nathembekileyo ngelixa uvavanya nge-serial ye-USB. Ngelo mzuzu ikhowudi yakho iqhuba WiFi.begin() kwaye yakhe uqhagamshelo, iziphumo zitsiba ngendlela engaqhelekanga, zixinane ku-4095, okanye ziwele ngqo ku-ziro. I-sensor ayonakalanga, i-resistor yakho ye-pull-up ayilahlekanga, kwaye ibhodi yakho ayinampazamo. Ufake i-sensor yakho kwiphini ye-ADC2.
Ingxaki ye-Silicon: I-ADC1 xa ithelekiswa ne-ADC2
I-silicon esemgangathweni ye-ESP32 iqulethe izixhobo ezibini ezahlukeneyo ze-Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) ze-12-bit: i-ADC1 kunye ne-ADC2. Phakathi kwazo, zibonelela ngeepini zokufaka ze-analog ezifikelela kwi-18 kwiitshiphu ezingenanto, nangona iibhodi zophuhliso zikhupha inxalenye yazo kuphela.
I-ADC1 isebenza ngokuzimeleyo. Nangona kunjalo, i-ADC2 yabelana ngezixhobo zekhompyutha zangaphakathi nenkqubo kanomathotholo ye-Wi-Fi ne-Bluetooth ye-ESP32. Xa i-driver ye-Wi-Fi isebenza—nokuba ikhangela i-SSID, iphatha ii-handshake ze-DHCP, okanye ithumela ipakethi ye-telemetry ye-MQTT—isitaki sothungelwano sifuna ufikelelo olukhethekileyo kwi-ADC2 ukwenzela ulungelelwaniso lwamaza kanomathotholo (radio frequency calibration) kunye nemilinganiselo yamandla angaphakathi.
Ukuba ikhowudi yakho ibiza analogRead() kwiphini ye-ADC2 ngelixa i-driver ye-Wi-Fi isasebenza, i-driver iphazamisa okanye ithintele ukufundwa kwedatha. Kwiimeko ze-Arduino Core kunye ne-MicroPython, oku kubonakala ngenye yeendlela ezimbini: umsebenzi wokufunda uyasilela kwaye ubuyise ixabiso elili-null okanye elingento, okanye ukugqabhuka kwamaza e-RF kanomathotholo kufaka ingxolo enzima yombane ngqo kwisixhobo eso, kutshintshatshintshe uguqulelo phakathi kokugcwala (4095) kunye nomhlaba (0).
Ukwabiwa ngokutsha kweePhini: Iiphini eziKhuselekileyo xa zithelekiswa nezingaKhuselekanga
Isicombululo asidingi manyathelo anzima ekhowudi: susa ucingo lwesignali lwe-sensor yakho kwi-ADC2 ulubeke kwiphini ye-ADC1. Amatshaneli e-ADC1 azimele ngombane kwi-baseband ye-Wi-Fi kwaye aqhubeka eguqula ngokuthembekileyo nokuba kunjani na kuthungelwano.
| Iyunithi ye-ADC | Amanani e-GPIO | Ikhuselekile kwi-Wi-Fi? | Amanqaku eGumbi Lokufundela |
|---|---|---|---|
| ADC1 | GPIO 32, 33, 34, 35, 36 (VP), 39 (VN) | Ewe | Ikhuselekile kuyo nayiphi na i-sensor ye-analog ngelixa i-Wi-Fi ithumela. Qaphela ukuba i-GPIO 34, 35, 36, kunye no-39 ziiphini zokufaka kuphela (azinazo ii-resistor zangaphakathi ze-pull-up/pull-down). |
| ADC2 | GPIO 0, 2, 4, 12, 13, 14, 15, 25, 26, 27 | Hayi | Ayisebenziseki kuvavanyo lwe-analog nje ukuba kubizwe WiFi.begin(). Ezininzi zikwasebenza njengeephini ze-bootstrapping. |
I-GPIO 36 kunye no-39 zihlala ziphawulwe njenge-VP kunye ne-VN kwiibhodi eziqhelekileyo ze-30-pin kunye ne-38-pin ESP32 NodeMCU/DevKit. Ezi, kunye ne-GPIO 32, 33, 34, kunye no-35, ziiphini zakho eziphambili zokugcina idatha ye-analog.
Umzekelo Osebenzayo Weephini
Cinga ngeprojekthi eqhelekileyo ye-IoT yesikolo: isibonisi esizisebenzelayo sezityalo esigcina idatha yokufuma komhlaba okanye i-sensor yokukhanya kwendawo. Umfundi udibanisa ucingo lwesivamvo sokufuma komhlaba se-analog kwi-GPIO 4 (i-ADC2 Channel 0) kuba ihleli lula ecaleni kwephini yomhlaba (ground). Kuvavanyo lwangaphandle kweintanethi, i-serial monitor iprinta amaxabiso athe tyaba phakathi kwe-1500 kunye ne-2800. Nje ukuba ibhodi iqhagamshele kwindawo yokufikelela (access point) yesikolo ukutyhala idatha kwideshibhodi, ufundo luxinana ku-4095.
Ukulungisa le ngxaki:
- Susa ucingo lwe-jumper lwesignali kwi-GPIO 4 uluse kwi-GPIO 34 (okanye 32, 33, 35).
- Hlaziya inkcazo yephini kwikhowudi:
const int sensorPin = 34;. - Gcina i-GPIO 4 ingasetyenziswanga kwiziphumo zedijithali, njengokuvula imodyuli ye-relay okanye i-transistor elawula impompo ye-5V engena emanzini.
Ukuba uyila izitishi ezinee-sensor ezininzi zokubeka iliso kwindalo esingqongileyo, ungaphonononga i-hardware yekharityhulam elungelelanisiweyo kunye neemephu zeephini kwi-Sheen IoT.
Umba Wesibini: Ukuhla Kombane we-Rail
Ukuba uyisusile i-sensor yakho wayisa kwi-ADC1 (umz., i-GPIO 32) kwaye usebona ameva amancinci angenamgaqo ngexesha lokuthumela, ujongene nengxaki yomgangatho wombane (power integrity) kunokutshixeka kwe-ADC. Xa i-ESP32 ivula isithumeli sayo sikanomathotholo, ukusetyenziswa kombane kutsiba ngokukhawuleza ukusuka ku-~50mA ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-300–400mA kangangemizuzwana embalwa.
Ukuba ibhodi inikwa amandla kwizibuko le-USB elinengxolo kwitroli endala yeelaptop zegumbi lokufundela, okanye ngeengcingo ezibhityileyo ze-jumper ze-breadboard, i-rail yombane ye-3.3V iyathetha okomzuzwana. Ngenxa yokuba iinguqulelo ze-analog zilinganisa ivolthi xa ithelekiswa ne-rail yombane (ivolthi yesalathiso), ukuhla kwi-rail kwenza iivolthi ze-analog zangaphandle zibonakale ngathi zitsibela phezulu. Ukubeka i-electrolytic capacitor ye-100µF phakathi kwee-rail ze-3V3 kunye ne-GND kwi-breadboard yakho kucoca ngokupheleleyo la meva e-radio athatha ixeshana elifutshane.
