Ehlotyeni lesikolo eMzantsi Afrika, ubushushu begumbi lokufundela bunokunyuka lula budlule kwi-30°C. Ngaphakathi kwithanki le-hydroponics, obu bushushu sisibulala-sivuno esithe cwaka. Akukho mfuneko yokuchitha i-R10,000 kwi-chiller yamanzi yomzi-mveliso ukugcina iiprojekthi zolimo okanye ze-STEM zesikolo sakho ziphila. Ngokuqonda ifiziksi ye-oksijini enyibilikisiweyo nangokusebenzisa amaqhinga ambalwa obunjineli angafuni mbane, unokugcina iindawo zeengcambu zakho zipholile, zisempilweni, zivelisa, ngebhajethi engathi ayikho tu.

Isisongelo esiphindwe kabini: i-oksijini enyibilikisiweyo nokubola kweengcambu

Ukuze siqonde ukuba kutheni amanzi afudumeleyo ebulala izityalo, kufuneka sijonge izinto ezimbini ezinxulumene ngokusondeleyo: i-oksijini enyibilikisiweyo (DO) kunye nokugunda kwamanzi okuyi-Pythium, okwaziwa ngokuba kukubola kweengcambu.

Amanzi abamba iigesi ezifana ne-oksijini kwisisombululo. Noko ke, ubudlelwane phakathi kobushushu bamanzi nokunyibilika kwegesi buchasene: njengoko ubushushu bamanzi bunyuka, amandla awo okubamba i-oksijini enyibilikisiweyo ehla ngamandla. Kubushushu obufanelekileyo be-18°C ukuya kwi-20°C, amanzi anokubamba i-oksijini enyibilikisiweyo eyaneleyo (malunga ne-9 mg/L) ukugcina iingcambu zezityalo ziphefumla kakuhle zize zifunxe izondlo. Nje ukuba ubushushu bethanki budlule kwi-24°C, amanqanaba e-DO ayehla ngamandla. Kwi-30°C, amanzi abamba i-oksijini ekhawula ukugcina iingcambu ziphila, into eshiya izityalo kuxinzelelo olukhulu lokusweleka koksijini.

Oku kuncipha koksijini kubangela isisongelo sesibini. I-Pythium sisifo esisebenzisa amathuba esifumaneka phantse kuwo onke umhlaba namanzi. Kwithanki elipholileyo, elinoksijini omninzi, iingcambu zezityalo zomelele ngokwaneleyo ukusichasa, kwaye iintsholongwane ezilungileyo ezifuna umoya ziyasibamba. Kodwa xa ubushushu bamanzi budlula kwi-24°C, amanqanaba oksijini esehla, imbewu ye-Pythium iyavuka. Kwiimeko ezingenamoya, ihlasela iinkqubo zeengcambu ezikuxinzelelo, ezikrwitshiweyo. Kwiiyure ezingama-48, iingcambu ezimhlophe ezisempilweni ziguquka zibe ludaka olumdaka, olutyibilikayo, olunevumba elibi. Nje ukuba ukubola kweengcambu kubambe kwinkqubo yegumbi lokufundela, kunzima kakhulu ukukunyanga, kudla ngokufuna ukuba ulahle isivuno, ubulale iintsholongwane kuyo yonke inkqubo, uze uqale phantsi.

Kutheni ii-chiller zorhwebo zingelolo icebo lezikolo

Isisombululo esiqhelekileyo sorhwebo kule ngxaki yi-chiller esebenza ngombane epholisa isisombululo sezondlo. Ezi zixhobo zisebenza njengee-air conditioner ezincinci zamanzi akho, zimpompa isisombululo sezondlo ngomjelo wokupholisa. Nangona zisebenza kakhulu, azilifanelanga igumbi lokufundela laseMzantsi Afrika ngenxa yezizathu eziliqela:

• Iindleko eziphezulu kakhulu: I-chiller yenqanaba lokungena elungiselelwe ithanki elincinci elingamalitha ali-100 ibiza phakathi kwe-R8,000 ne-R12,000. Kwiibhajethi zezikolo ezininzi, oku kulingana neendleko zeekhithi ezimbalwa ezipheleleyo ze-hydroponics okanye zezinto eziphelayo zekota epheleleyo.
• Ukuba sengozini yokucinywa kombane: Ii-chiller ezisebenza ngombane zitsala umbane omninzi (zidla ngokutsala i-200W ukuya kwi-500W). Ngamathuba okucinywa kombane eeyure ezimbini ukuya kwezine, ezi zixhobo ziyacima. Xa umbane ucinywa ngeyona nxalenye ishushu yemva kwemini kaFebruwari, ubushushu bethanki bunyuka ngokukhawuleza nokuba kunjalo, kuze koyiswe injongo yotyalo-mali olubizayo.
• Ubunzima nolondolozo: Ii-chiller zongeza amalungu eempompo, zifuna iimpompo zazo zokutyisa, kwaye zineempiko zokupholisa ezibuthathaka ezivalekayo luthuli notyuwa oluqokelelanayo, zifuna ulondolozo rhoqo abatitshala abaxakekileyo abanqabileyo ukuba nexesha lokulwenza.

Amaqhinga amane atshiphu okupholisa ngaphandle kombane

Endaweni yokuxhomekeka kwizixhobo zokupholisa ezibizayo ezisebenza ngombane, unokusebenzisa imigaqo esisiseko ye-thermodynamics ukugcina ubushushu bethanki lakho buzinzile buze bupholile.

1. Ukutshintshana kweebhotile ezikhenkcezisiweyo (indlela esebenzayo engabizi nto)

Eyona ndlela ilula yokwehlisa ubushushu bamanzi kukufaka ubunzima bobushushu ngendlela yomkhenkce. Musa ukugalela imikhenkce ekhululekileyo ngqo ethankini lakho; oku kuxuba isisombululo sakho sezondlo size kutshintshe amanqanaba okuqhutywa kombane (EC) kunye ne-pH. Endaweni yoko, zalisa amanzi kwiibhotile zeplastiki zeziselo ezingamalitha amabini, uzikhenkcezise zibe lukhuni kwifriji yegumbi labasebenzi, uze uzidadise ngqo ethankini.

Ibhotile enye ekhenkcezisiweyo yamalitha amabini efakwe kwithanki lamalitha angama-50 ngo-08:00 inokwehlisa ubushushu bamanzi nge-3°C ukuya kwi-5°C ize iwagcine epholile kwiiyure ezishushu zasemini. Gcina iibhotile ezine ezitshintshanayo efrijini: ezimbini zisethankini, ezimbini zikhenkcezisiwe. Zitshintshe ngexesha lesidlo sasemini. Le ndlela isimahla ngokupheleleyo, iyasebenza kakhulu, kwaye ifundisa abafundi isifundo esibonakalayo ngobushushu obufihlakeleyo bokunyibilika.

2. Gquma ithanki

Iinkqubo ezininzi ze-hydroponics zezikolo zisebenzisa iibhafu zeplastiki ezimnyama njengamathanki. Iplastiki emnyama ifunxa ubushushu obusemoyeni namandla akhutshwa zizibane zokukhulisa izityalo okanye lilanga. Unokukucothisa kakhulu oku kudluliswa kobushushu ngokugquma isikhongozeli sethanki.

Songela ngaphandle konke kwethanki nge-foil bubble wrap ekhwabanisayo (edla ngokuthengiswa apha ekhaya phantsi kweempawu ezifana neSisalation okanye iRadenShield). Yiqinise ngeteyiphu eqinileyo ye-duct tape. Oku kubuyisela umva ubushushu obukhutshwayo bungangeni ethankini. Ukuze isebenze ngcono nangakumbi, beka ithanki ngaphakathi kwebhokisi elula yeplanga ekrwelwe ngeeplate ze-polystyrene ezingama-20mm. Olu gqumo lwemaleko emibini lunokugcina amanzi akho epholile ngama-6°C ngaphantsi komoya wegumbi.

3. Ngcwaba ithanki (ukutsalela ubushushu emhlabeni)

Ukuba inkqubo ye-hydroponics yesikolo sakho isemgangathweni ophantsi, kwibala elingaphakathi, okanye kwindlu yokukhulisa izityalo, unokusebenzisa ubunzima bobushushu bemvelo bomhlaba. Ubushushu bomhlaba kwimitha enye ngaphantsi komphezulu buhlala buzinzile ngokumangalisayo, budla ngokuhlala phakathi kwe-15°C ne-18°C nokuba kushushu ehlotyeni.

Ngokumba umngxuma uze ungcwabe ithanki lakho ukuze isiciko salo silingane nomhlaba, uguqula umhlaba ojikelezileyo ube sisitsalisi sobushushu esikhulu, esingafuni mbane. Umhlaba uya kurhola ubushushu ngokuqhubekayo bushiye isisombululo sezondlo. Le yeyona ndlela ithembekileyo yokupholisa engafuni lulondolozo ekhoyo, kwaye isebenza ngokugqibeleleyo naxa kucinywe umbane.

4. Yandisa umthamo wethanki

Kwi-thermodynamics, ubunzima bobushushu bumisela ukuba into itshintsha ubushushu ngokukhawuleza kangakanani. Isixa esincinci samanzi siyashushu size siphole ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kunesixa esikhulu samanzi. Ukuba inkqubo yegumbi lakho lokufundela isebenzisa ithanki elincinci lamalitha angama-20, liya kulandela ubushushu begumbi phantse ngeyure nganye.

Ngokutshintshela kwithanki lamalitha ali-100 okanye ali-150, wandisa kakhulu ukuxhathisa kwenkqubo ekutshintsheni ubushushu. Nokuba igumbi lokufundela liyashushu iiyure ezimbalwa emva kwemini, ubungakanani bamanzi buya kuthintela ubushushu ukuba bungenyukeli kwindawo eyingozi phambi kokuba kufike ukuphola kwangokuhlwa.

Ukuyila iinkqubo ezinokhuselo lobushushu olwakhelwe ngaphakathi

Xa ukhetha okanye usakha inkqubo yesikolo sakho, ukulawulwa kobushushu kufuneka kube yinxalenye yoyilo lokuqala, hayi into ecingwa emva kwexesha. Ukukhetha amathanki anemibala ekhanyayo okanye amhlophe kukhwabanisa ukukhanya endaweni yokukufunxa. Ukubeka amathanki phezu kwemigangatho yekhonkrithi epholileyo endaweni yezitendi zesinyithi eziphakamileyo nako kunceda ukutsala ubushushu bushiye amanzi.

E-Sheen Robotics, siyila izisombululo zethu zolimo lwemfundo sizigqale ezi zithintelo zokwenene zaseMzantsi Afrika. Iinkqubo zethu ezijolise ezikolweni zigxile kulungiselelo oluqinileyo, olugqunywe kakuhle, nolunomthamo omkhulu olukhusela izityalo kubushushu obugqithisileyo behlobo nakukucinywa kombane. Ungazihlola izicwangciso zethu ezimelana nemozulu kwiphepha lethu lezisombululo zolimo lwemfundo.

Ngokudibanisa ukugquma okulula, ukubeka ithanki ngobulumko, kunye neqhinga elilula lebhotile ekhenkcezisiweyo, unokugcina iingcambu ze-hydroponics zegumbi lakho lokufundela zimhlophe, zisempilweni, zinoksijini lonke ihlobo, ungachithanga nesenti yebhajethi yesebe lakho kwii-chiller ezisebenza ngombane.