Isijongi sesityalo ngumjikelo omncinci obukela izinto ezintathu: ukuba umhlaba umanzi kangakanani, ukuba sifumana ukukhanya okungakanani isityalo, nokuba umoya ufudumele kangakanani. Xa isibalo esifundiweyo siphuma kumda ofanelekileyo, siyalumkisa. Yakha esinye uze ube ugubungele izixhobo ze-analog, ukulinganisela, ingqiqo yemida kunye nebhokisi elingangeni manzi, konke oku kwiprojekthi enye. Esi sikhokelo sithatha ukwakha kwasekilasini ukusuka kwiindawo ezinganto ukuya kwisijongi esisebenzayo, size siphethe ngeyona nto ibaluleke ngaphezu kwazo zonke esikolweni saseMzantsi Afrika: ukugcina isityalo siphila kwiiholide.

Senza ntoni ngokwenene isijongi sesityalo

Susa ibhokisi nekhowudi, umsebenzi ulula. I-microcontroller ifunda ixabiso kwisixhobo ngasinye kaninzana ngomzuzu, ithelekise ixabiso ngalinye nomda owumiseleyo, ize yenze into xa umda ugqithiwe. Ukwenza into kunokuthetha ukulayita i-LED, ukukhala kancinci, ukubonisa umyalezo kwiskrini, okanye kamva ukuvula impompo encinci. Yonke into eseleyo yinkcukacha eyongezelelweyo kuloo mjikelo: funda, thelekisa, yenza, linda, phinda.

Ezi zibonakaliso zintathu ziphendula umbuzo owahlukileyo nganye. Ubumanzi bomhlaba bukuxelela ukuba unyusele na. Ukukhanya kukuxelela ukuba isityalo sikwindawo efanelekileyo na. Ubushushu bukuxelela ukuba igumbi likhuselekile na kuso, into ebalulekileyo kwiklasi etshisa ehlotyeni ize ibande kusasa ebusika.

Iindawo ozifunayo

Yenza uluhlu lweendawo lufutshane lube tshiphu ukuze isethi yeklasi ihlale ifikeleleka. Ufuna into nganye engezantsi ngamnye umfundi, okanye ngababini kumaqela abancinci.

• Ibhodi ye-microcontroller enezingeniso ze-analog. Ibhodi ye-sheenbot∞ iyakwazi ukuyimela le projekthi ngokukhululekileyo, kwaye umhleli wayo wamabhloko ugcina amaklasi amancinci ehambela phambili.
• Isixhobo sokufunda ubumanzi bomhlaba. Khetha esi-capacitive; iiprobhu ezitshiphu ze-resistive ziyagqwala emhlabeni omanzi kwiiveki nje ezimbalwa.
• Isixhobo sokufunda ukukhanya, njenge-LDR, kunye ne-resistor ukwenza i-voltage divider.
• Isixhobo sokufunda ubushushu, mhlawumbi i-thermistor ye-analog okanye isixhobo esincinci sedijithali.
• I-breadboard, iintambo zejumper nendlela yokunika ibhodi umbane.
• Imveliso yezilumkiso: i-LED kunye ne-resistor, i-buzzer, okanye iskrini sebhodi.

Yongeza izixhobo ezimbalwa ezongezelelweyo kwi-oda; iiprobhu zezona zinto ziqala ukonakala. Ukubekela bucala malunga neshumi ukuya kwishumi elinesihlanu ekhulwini kwexabiso lekhithi ukuze kubekho ezongezelelweyo kukusindisa ekuxakekeni phakathi kwekota. Iikhithi ezipheleleyo neendawo ngazinye zikho kwivenkile.

Ukuxhuma nomjikelo wokuqala wokufunda

Xhuma isixhobo esinye ngexesha uze usivavanye phambi kokongeza esilandelayo. Xhuma umbane nomhlaba, ubeke umgca wesibonakaliso sesixhobo kwingeniso ye-analog, uze ubhale umjikelo omfutshane ofunda ixabiso uze uliprinte. Awukhangeli manani achanekileyo okwangoku, ufuna kuphela amanani atshintshayo xa utshintsha ihlabathi: cinezela iprobhu yobumanzi kwisiponji esimanzi kwaye isibalo kufuneka sishukume, gquma isixhobo sokukhanya ngesandla sakho kwaye kufuneka sihle.

Xa isixhobo ngasinye sele sishukuma ngendlela efanelekileyo, printa zontathu kunye kumgca omnye kwiisekondi ezimbalwa ngazinye. Lo mjelo ungacwengwanga sisiseko senyathelo elilandelayo, kwaye kukwayindawo yokuqala apho abafundi bebona khona ukuba isixhobo asize sibuyise inani elicocekileyo, eliqingqiweyo.

Ukulinganisela sisifundo senzululwazi

Isibalo sobumanzi esingacwengwanga asithethi nto ngokwaso. Ukusiguqula sibe somile okanye simanzi kulapho kuhleli khona ukufunda kokwenene, kwaye luvavanyo lokwenyani. Thatha iimeko ezimbini ezaziwayo: umhlaba owome nkq nomhlaba omanzi ngokupheleleyo. Rekhoda ixabiso lesixhobo kwimeko nganye, kaninzi, uze ulinganise umndilili. Loo manani mabini ziziphelo zakho, kwaye naliphi na isibalo esiphakathi kwawo silinganiselwa kwipesenti ukusuka komileyo ukuya komanzi.

Yenza oku njengophando olulawulwayo. Tshintsha into enye ngexesha, ugcine iprobhu kubunzulu obufanayo, uze ubhale isibalo ngasinye kwitheyibhile phambi kokuba uchukumise ikhowudi. Abafundi bakhawuleza baqaphele ukuba iziphelo ziyatshintsha phakathi kweentlobo zomhlaba naphakathi kwegumbi elifudumeleyo nelibandayo, nto leyo eyona nqaku: ukulinganisela akwenziwa kanye kuphele, kwaye akukho sixhobo singaguqukiyo. Phinda le ndlela inye yamanqaku amabini kukukhanya, ngedrowa emnyama uthelekise nefestile ekhanyayo, nakubushushu uthelekise nethemomitha yeklasi.

Imida nengqiqo yezilumkiso

Xa amanani sele elinganiselwe unokumisela imida ethetha into. Gqiba, ngesityalo ngasinye, ipesenti yobumanzi engezantsi kwayo sifuna amanzi, inqanaba lokukhanya elibonisa indawo engalunganga, kunye nomda wobushushu ekufuneka sihlale phakathi kwawo. Ingqiqo emva koko luluhlu lweenkangelo ezicacileyo:

1. Ukuba ubumanzi bungaphantsi komda owomileyo, phakamisa isilumkiso sokuba sifuna amanzi.
2. Ukuba ukukhanya kuhlala kungaphantsi komda wako ixesha elithile, phawula indawo esikuyo.
3. Ukuba ubushushu buphuma kumda okhuselekileyo, lumkisa ngobushushu okanye ngengqele.

Yongeza umda omncinci, okanye i-hysteresis, ukuze isilumkiso singadanyazi sivule sicime ngasemdeni. Isisombululo esiqhelekileyo kukufuna ukuba isibalo sihlale singaphaya komgca kwiinkangelo eziliqela zilandelelana phambi kokuba isilumkiso sikhale, size sicinywe kuphela xa isibalo sesibuyele ngokupheleleyo. Le ngcinga inye ithintela uninzi lomsindo wokukhala ngokungalindelekanga.

Ibhokisi

Amanzi nezinto zombane azihambelani, ngoko ukwakha kugqitywa kuphela xa sele kufakwe ebhokisini. Gcina ibhodi, ibhetri nayo nayiphi na intambo evulekileyo kwibhokisi elivaliweyo, uvumele kuphela iiprobhu zezixhobo ukuba zifikelele apho zilinganisa khona. Khuphela iprobhu yobumanzi ezantsi kufuphi nomhlaba, isixhobo sokukhanya siye kwicala elijonge efestileni, uze ushiye isikhewu somoya ukuze ubushushu obuvalelekileyo bungaphambanisi isibalo sobushushu. Isiciko esicacileyo sivumela abafundi ukuba babone i-LED bengavulanga nto, kwaye izikhongozeli ezisetyenziswe kwakhona zisebenza kakuhle zigcina nexabiso liphantsi.

Ukugcina isityalo siphila kwiiholide

Isijongi siluncedo kakhulu kanye xa kungekho mntu egumbini. Zintathu izongezelelo ezisiguqula sibe yinto edlulayo kwikhefu lesikolo. Okokuqala, rekhoda amanani kwindawo yokugcina yebhodi kunye nophawu lwexesha, ukuze iklasi ibone okwenzekileyo ngoxa ingekho. Okwesibini, yongeza impompo encinci yamanzi evulwa sisilumkiso sobumanzi ukuze isityalo sizinkcenkceshele, kubekho umda oqinileyo wexesha lempompo ukuze isixhobo esixingileyo singasikhukulisi isityalo. Okwesithathu, cwangcisela umbane: umbane weendonga uyaphela ngexesha locimicimi, ngoko ibhetri enomthamo owongezelelweyo, okanye ukulala kwesixhobo phakathi kwezibalo ukonga amandla, kugcina isijongi sisebenza ngethuba lokucima.

Olu lungiselelo lweeholide luyiprojekthi elungeleyo ikhefu lesikolo ngokwalo. Iiwokshophu zethu zeeholide ziqhuba ukwakha okunje ukusuka kwiindawo ezinganto ukuya kwibhokisi egqityiweyo, nto leyo eyifomathi elungileyo yomsebenzi wongezelelo ithuba leklasi eliqhelekileyo elinqabelwa lixesha lawo.

Isishwankathelo

Isijongi sesityalo yiprojekthi enqabileyo eluncedo ngokwenene, etshiphu ukuyakha, kwaye etyebe ngokwaneleyo ukuthwala inzululwazi yokwenyani. Yakha umjikelo wokufunda kuqala, uphathe ukulinganisela njengovavanyo oluluyo, kwaye ingqiqo yezilumkiso nebhokisi ziya kuzihlelela. Yenza ukwandiswa kweeholide kwaye kuya kudlula ekhefini isityalo nesifundo.

Imibuzo eqhelekileyo

Sesiphi isixhobo ekufuneka sisithenge kuqala xa imali imbalwa?

Sisixhobo sobumanzi bomhlaba, uhlobo lwe-capacitive. Ubumanzi sesona sibalo abafundi abasithathela amanyathelo ngokufuthi, esona siqhuba unkcenkceso, kwaye sesona sixhobo sisifuna kakhulu isifundo sokulinganisela. Ukukhanya nobushushu kunokongezwa kwiseshoni elandelayo.

Kutheni isibalo sobumanzi sitsibatsiba nokuba umhlaba awushukumi?

Ingxolo encinci yombane iqhelekile. Linganisa umndilili wezibalo eziliqela phambi kokuthelekisa nomda, uze ugcine iprobhu kubunzulu obumiselweyo. Ukuba amanani ayajikajika kakhulu, khangela ukuxhunywa nomgca wombane phambi kokubeka ityala kwisixhobo.

Ngoluphi udidi lweminyaka le projekthi?

Iyalungelelana. Amabanga aphezulu esikolo samabanga aphantsi anokuyenza ngekhowudi yamabhloko netheyibhile yokulinganisela ekhokelwayo, ngoxa isikolo samabanga aphakamileyo sinokubhala ingqiqo yemida ngokwaso size sihlalutye idatha erekhodiweyo. I-akhademi ibeka ukwakha okufanayo kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo.